Indo-European

Tolkien's Languages

Albanian

Ancient Greek

Armenian

Avestan

Breton

Number

Singular

Dual

Plural

Person

First person

Second person

Third person

Gothic

Noun

Verb

Strong verb class

first

second

third

fourth

fifth

sixth

seventh

Weak verb class

weak-first

weak-second

weak-third

Gender

Common

Neuter

Case

Nominative

Accusative

Genitive

Dative

Locative

Allative

Ergative

Ablative

Instrumental

Tense

Present

Past

Voice

Active

Medio-passive

Non-finite form

Participle

Hittite

Proper Noun

Adjective

Adverb

Preposition

Conjunction

Pronoun

Affix

Clitic

clitic

Conjugation

ttari

āri

Latin

Lithuanian

Preterite

Lycian

Middle Welsh

Modern Welsh

Old Church Slavonic

Masculine

Feminine

Mood

Indicative

Subjunctive

Non-finite verb form

Inflected infinitive

Comparison degree

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

Strength

Strong

Weak

Old English

Proper noun

Preverb

Numeral

masculine

feminine

neuter

Stem class

a-stem

o-stem

n-stem

i-stem

s-stem

Verb type

strong

weak

preterite-present

Weak preterite suffix

-ed-

-od-

Imperative

Old Frisian

Interjection

Noun gender

Noun class

Verb class

v-II

v-III

v-IV

v-VI

v-VII

Old High German

Old Irish

Middle

Deverbal form

Past participle

Infinitive

Comparative degree

Definite State

Definite

Old Norse

Declension type

Strong Type 2

Preterite Present

1st Conjugation

2nd Conjugation

3rd Conjugation

4th Conjugation

v-strong-1

v-strong-2

v-strong-3

v-strong-4

v-strong-5

v-strong-6

v-strong-7

Genitive type

Stem type

-ijo-

-nd-

-ð-

Comparative formation

adj-comp-ri

Old Saxon

Proto-Anatolian

Proto-Balto-Slavic

Proto-Celtic

Proto-Germanic

v-strong

v-weak

Nomiinative

Vocative

Imperfect

Aorist

Perfect

Injunctive

Optative

Proto-Indo-European

Accent-ablaut paradigm

Hysterokinetic

Proterokinetic

Acrostatic

Amphikinetic

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Proto-Italic

Proto-Northwest Germanic

Proto-Tocharian

Proto-West Germanic

Sanskrit

Oblique

Perlative

Comitative

Causal

Verbal noun

Tocharian B

Proper Name

Umbrian

oe-gen

-s{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-es{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-e/-e{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-an

oe-acc

-e/-e{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-n/-an

oe-dat

-e{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-e/-an

oe-nom-pl

-g-as{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅æ > a/-g-u{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅æ > a/-a/-a{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-ru/-an

oe-acc-pl

oe-gen-pl

-g-a{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅æ > a/-a/-a{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-ena/-ra

oe-dat-pl

-g-um{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅æ > a/-umæ > a/-um{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅æ > a/-um/-rum

From	To	Gloss	Steps
āšš-	āššanza	belong	āšš- > āššant > āššanza
mišriu̯ant-	mišriu̯anza	beautiful	mišriu̯ant- > mišriu̯anza
ašanuu̯ant-	ašanuu̯anza	provided with	ašanuu̯ant- > ašanuu̯anza

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
LUGAL	LUGAL-uš	king	LUGAL > LUGALš	LUGALš
daššu-	daššuš	strong	daššu- > daššuš
kunkunuzzi-	kunkunuzziš	basalt stone	kunkunuzzi- > kunkunuzziš
antuḫša-	antuḫšaš	person	antuḫša- > antuḫšaš
šalli-	šalliš	great	šalli- > šalliš
u̯aštai-	u̯aštāiš	disaster	u̯aštai- > u̯aštaiš	u̯aštaiš
MUNUS.LUGAL	MUNUS.LUGAL-aš	queen	MUNUS.LUGAL > MUNUS.LUGALš	MUNUS.LUGALš
SAG.DU	SAG.DU-aš	head	SAG.DU > SAG.DUš	SAG.DUš
^dUTU	^dUTU-uš	Sun-god	^d^UTU > ^d^UTUš	^d^UTUš
atta-	attaš	father	atta- > attaš
tamai-	tamaiš	other	tamai- > tamaiš
LÚ	LÚ-aš	man	LÚ > LÚš	LÚš
appezzi-	appezziš	youngest	appezzi- > appezziš
DUMU	DUMU-aš	son	DUMU > DUMUš	DUMUš
parkui-	parkuiš	clean	parkui- > parkuiš
ḫarki-	ḫarkiš	white	ḫarki- > ḫarkiš

Etymograph > Indo-European > Hittite > Morphology > hitt-nom-sg

Examples

Examples