Tolkien's Languages

Indo-European

Albanian

Number

Singular

Dual

Plural

Person

Case

Nominative

Accusative

Dative

Genitive

Gender

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Tense

Present

Imperfect

Aorist

Perfect

Pluperfect

Mood

Indicative

Subjunctive

Optative

Imperative

Voice

Active

Middle

Passive

Mediopassive

Non-finite forms

Infinitive

Participle

Ancient Greek

Noun

Proper Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

Preposition

Conjunction

Pronoun

Affix

Particle

Present class

Thematic

Athematic

Aorist class

strong aorist

Armenian

Avestan

Breton

First person

Second person

Third person

Gothic

Strong verb class

first

second

third

fourth

fifth

sixth

seventh

Weak verb class

weak-first

weak-second

weak-third

Common

Dative/Locative

Allative

Ergative

Ablative

Instrumental

Past

Medio-passive

Non-finite form

Supine

Infinitive I

Infinitive II

Verbal Noun

Hittite

Clitic

clitic

Conjugation

ttari

āri

Vocative

Future

Comparison degree

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

Latin

Declension

1-decl

2-decl

3-decl

4-decl

5-decl

1-conj

2-conj

3-conj

4-conj

Lithuanian

Preterite

Lycian

Middle Welsh

Modern Welsh

Old Church Slavonic

Non-finite verb form

Inflected infinitive

Strength

Strong

Weak

Old English

Proper noun

Preverb

Numeral

masculine

feminine

neuter

Stem class

a-stem

o-stem

n-stem

i-stem

s-stem

Verb type

strong

weak

preterite-present

Weak preterite suffix

-ed-

-od-

Old Frisian

Interjection

Noun gender

Noun class

Verb class

v-II

v-III

v-IV

v-VI

v-VII

Old High German

Old Irish

Deverbal form

Past participle

Comparative degree

Definite State

Definite

Old Norse

Declension type

Strong Type 2

Preterite Present

1st Conjugation

2nd Conjugation

3rd Conjugation

4th Conjugation

v-strong-1

v-strong-2

v-strong-3

v-strong-4

v-strong-5

v-strong-6

v-strong-7

Genitive type

Stem type

-ijo-

-nd-

-ð-

Comparative formation

adj-comp-ri

Old Saxon

Proto-Anatolian

Proto-Balto-Slavic

Proto-Celtic

Proto-Germanic

v-strong

v-weak

Nomiinative

Locative

Injunctive

Verbal adjective

Proto-Indo-European

Accent-ablaut paradigm

Hysterokinetic

Proterokinetic

Acrostatic

Amphikinetic

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Proto-Italic

Proto-Northwest Germanic

Proto-Tocharian

Proto-West Germanic

Sanskrit

Oblique

Tocharian B

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PIE *h₁esti	ἐστι	be.pres-3sg	h₁esti > ἐστι
PIE *h₁édēiḱsm̥	ἔδειξα	show.aor.1sg	h₁édēiḱsm̥ > edēiḱsm̥ > ἐδηικσα	ἐδηικσα

Etymograph > Indo-European > Ancient Greek > Historical Phonology

grk-laryngeal-vocalization

Examples

Examples

Sequences