Etymograph > Indo-European > Old English > Rules > north-pwgmc-nasals-before-fricatives

From Proto-West Germanic to Old English

• [+syllabic,+low][-syllabic,nasal] > [+long,nasal] / _[-sonorant,+continuant] if sound is stressed

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PWGmc *hanhan	hōhan	hang	hanhan > hą̄han > hōn	hōn
PWGmc *samft	sōft	soft, gentle	samft > są̄ft > sōft
PGmc *anþeraz	ōþer	other	anþeraz > anþar > ą̄þar > ōþer
PGmc *anþara-	ōþer	other	anþara- > anþar > ą̄þar > ōþer
PGmc *nanþijaną	nēþan	to be bold	nanþijaną > nanþijan > ną̄þijan > nēþan
PGmc *nanþjan-	nēþan	to be bold	nanþjan- > ną̄þjan > nēþan
PWGmc *fanþijō	fēþa	traveller on foot	fanþijō > fą̄þijō > fēþa
PGmc *fanþjan-	fēþa	foot soldier(?)	fanþjan- > fą̄þjan > fēþan	fēþan
PGmc *anstiz	ēst	favor	anstiz > ansti > ą̄sti > ēst
PGmc *hansō	hōs	company, crowd	hansō > hansu > hą̄su > hōs
PGmc *gans	gōs	goose	gans > gą̄s > gōs
PGmc *ansuz	ōs	(pagan) god	ansuz > ansu > ą̄su > ōs
PWGmc *anslā	ōsle	blackbird	anslā > ą̄slā > ōsle
PGmc *amslōn-	ōsle	blackbird	amslōn- > ą̄slōn > ōslan	ōslan
PNWGmc *sanþijaną	sēþan	to declare true	sanþijaną > sanþijan > są̄þijan > sēþan
PWGmc *samftī	sēfte	soft, gentle	samftī > są̄ftī > sēfte
PGmc *samþu-	sēfte	soft	samþu- > są̄þu > sōþ	sōþ
PGmc *fanhaną	fōn	to catch, to seize	fanhaną > fanhan > fą̄han > fōn
PGmc *bansa-	bōsig	cowshed	bansa- > bans > bą̄s > bōs	bōs
PGmc *hanhaną	hōn	hang	hanhaną > hanhan > hą̄han > hōn
PGmc *hanhila-	hēla	heel	hanhila- > hanhil > hą̄hil > hēhel	hēhel
PGmc *sanþa-	sōð	true	sanþa- > sanþ > są̄þ > sōð
PGmc *tanhu-	tōh	tough	tanhu- > tą̄hu > tōh
PGmc *tanþ-	tōð	tooth	tanþ- > tą̄þ > tōð
PGmc *þanhōn-	þōhe	clay	þanhōn- > þą̄hōn > þōn	þōn
PGmc *þranha-	þrōh	dirty	þranha- > þranh > þrą̄h > þrōh
PGmc *anhulō-	ōl	strap	anhulō- > anhulu > ą̄hulu > ōl

• [+syllabic][-syllabic,nasal] > [+long] / _[-sonorant,+continuant] if sound is stressed

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PGmc *munþaz	mūþ	mouth	munþaz > munþ > mūþ
PGmc *hunslą	hūsl	sacrifice	hunslą > hunsl > hūsl
PGmc *swinþaz	swīþ	strong	swinþaz > swinþ > swīþ
PGmc *sinþaz	sīþ	going, journey	sinþaz > sinþ > sīþ
PGmc *kunþijaną	cȳþan	to make known	kunþijaną > kunþijan > kūþijan > cȳþan
PGmc *gunþiz	gūþ	battle	gunþiz > gunþi > gūþi > gȳþ	gȳþ
PGmc *gunþī-	gūþ	battle	gunþī- > gunþi > gūþi > gȳþ	gȳþ
PNWGmc *minþlą	mīþl		minþlą > minþl > mīþl
PGmc *minþla-	mīþl	bit of a bridle	minþla- > minþl > mīþl
PNWGmc *stinþaz	stīþ	stiff	stinþaz > stinþ > stīþ
PNWGmc *unþiz	ȳþ	wave	unþiz > unþi > ūþi > ȳþ
PGmc *unþī-	ȳþ	wave	unþī- > unþi > ūþi > ȳþ
PWGmc *linþī	līþe	gentle	linþī > līþī > līþe
PGmc *linþa-	līþe	flexible, soft	linþa- > linþ > līþ	līþ
PGmc *funsaz	fūs	ready, eager	funsaz > funs > fūs
PWGmc *unsti	ȳst	storm	unsti > ūsti > ȳst
PGmc *unsti-	ȳst	storm	unsti- > ūsti > ȳst
PGmc *funhsti-	fȳst	fist	funhsti- > fūhsti > fȳst
PNWGmc *funsijaną	fȳsan	to make ready to go	funsijaną > funsijan > fūsijan > fȳsan
PNWGmc *wunskijaną	wȳsċan	to wish	wunskijaną > wunskijan > wūskijan > wȳsċan
PGmc *wunskjan-	wȳsċan	wish	wunskjan- > wūskjan > wȳsċan
PWGmc *hunþijan	hȳþan	to plunder, to make captive	hunþijan > hūþijan > hȳþan
PGmc *þinhaną	þīon	to thrive	þinhaną > þinhan > þīhan > þēon	þēon
PWGmc *finþan	findan	to find	finþan > fīþan	fīþan
PGmc *finþan-	findan	find; to feel	finþan- > fīþan	fīþan
PGmc *dunsta-	dūst	powder, dust(?)	dunsta- > dunst > dūst
PGmc *fimfe	fīf	five	fimfe > fīfe	fīfe
PGmc *fimftan-	fīfta	fifth	fimftan- > fīftan	fīftan
PGmc *funhtu-	fūht	humid, moist	funhtu- > fūhtu > fūht
PGmc *hrinþiz-	hrīþer	cow, bovine	hrinþiz- > hrinþi > hrīþi > hrīþ	hrīþ
PGmc *hunsla-	hūsel	sacrifice	hunsla- > hunsl > hūsl	hūsl
PGmc *kunþa-	cūþ	known	kunþa- > kunþ > cūþ
PGmc *linhta-	lēoht	light	linhta- > linht > līht > lēoht
PGmc *sunþera-	sūþ	south, southwards	sunþera- > sunþar > sūþar > sūþer	sūþer
PGmc *þinhaną	þēon	to thrive	þinhaną > þinhan > þīhan > þēon
PGmc *þinhslō-	þīxl	drawbar, cart-pole	þinhslō- > þinhslu > þīhslu > þīsl	þīsl
PGmc *þinhtu-	-þiht	dense, tight, close	þinhtu- > þīhtu > þēoht	þēoht
PGmc *þrunhta-	þroht	hardship(?)	þrunhta- > þrunht > þrūht	þrūht
PGmc *unhtwōn-	ūht	last part of the night	unhtwōn- > ūhtwōn > ūtwan	ūtwan
PGmc *þunhjan-	*þȳwan	press	þunhjan- > þūhjan > þȳhan	þȳhan

Sequences

pwgmc-to-oe: previous post-pwgmc-n-after-unstressed-i, next north-pwgmc-e-before-m
pgmc-to-oe: previous post-pwgmc-n-after-unstressed-i, next north-pwgmc-e-before-m
pnwgmc-to-oe: previous post-pwgmc-n-after-unstressed-i, next north-pwgmc-e-before-m