Etymograph > Indo-European > Old English > Rules > oe-voicing-assimilation

Source: Ringe 2014:280

d > t if next sound is voiceless obstruent or previous sound is voiceless obstruent

Examples

FromToGlossStepsExpected
PNWGmc *kussidēcyste(s)he kissedkussidē > kysdē > kystē > cyste
PGmc *adesan-adesaadzeadesan- > ædsan > ætsanætsan
PGmc *ahtudan-eahtoðaeighthahtudan- > eahtdan > eahttaneahttan

þ > s / _s

Examples

FromToGlossStepsExpected
PWGmc *blīþisiblisshappinessblīþisi > blīþsi > blīssi > bliss

þ > t / {s|t}_

Examples

FromToGlossStepsExpected
PWGmc *wlātiþōwlǣttanausea, disgust, loathingwlātiþō > wlǣtþā > wlǣttā > wlættawlætta

Sequences

pwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-degemination-before-consonant, next oe-shortening-before-consonants
pgmc-to-oe: previous oe-degemination-before-consonant, next oe-shortening-before-consonants
pnwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-degemination-before-consonant, next oe-shortening-before-consonants

Generated by yole/etymograph on Tue Oct 28 2025