Indo-European

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Number

Singular

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Gothic

Noun

Verb

Strong verb class

first

second

third

fourth

fifth

sixth

seventh

Weak verb class

weak-first

weak-second

weak-third

Gender

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Case

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Hittite

Proper Noun

Adjective

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Pronoun

Affix

Clitic

clitic

Conjugation

ttari

āri

Latin

Lithuanian

Preterite

Lycian

Middle Welsh

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Old Church Slavonic

Masculine

Feminine

Mood

Indicative

Subjunctive

Non-finite verb form

Inflected infinitive

Participle

Comparison degree

Positive

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Strong

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Old English

Proper noun

Preverb

Numeral

masculine

feminine

neuter

Stem class

a-stem

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s-stem

Verb type

strong

weak

preterite-present

Weak preterite suffix

-ed-

-od-

Imperative

Old Frisian

Interjection

Noun gender

Noun class

Verb class

v-II

v-III

v-IV

v-VI

v-VII

Old High German

Old Irish

Middle

Deverbal form

Past participle

Infinitive

Comparative degree

Definite State

Definite

Old Norse

Declension type

Strong Type 2

Preterite Present

1st Conjugation

2nd Conjugation

3rd Conjugation

4th Conjugation

v-strong-1

v-strong-2

v-strong-3

v-strong-4

v-strong-5

v-strong-6

v-strong-7

Genitive type

Stem type

-ijo-

-nd-

-ð-

Comparative formation

adj-comp-ri

Old Saxon

Proto-Anatolian

Proto-Balto-Slavic

Proto-Celtic

Proto-Germanic

v-strong

v-weak

Nomiinative

Vocative

Imperfect

Aorist

Perfect

Injunctive

Optative

Proto-Indo-European

Accent-ablaut paradigm

Hysterokinetic

Proterokinetic

Acrostatic

Amphikinetic

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Proto-Italic

Proto-Northwest Germanic

Proto-Tocharian

Proto-West Germanic

Sanskrit

Oblique

Perlative

Comitative

Causal

Verbal noun

Tocharian B

Proper Name

Umbrian

oe-gen

-s{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-es{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-e/-e{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-an

oe-acc

-e/-e{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-n/-an

oe-dat

-e{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-e/-an

oe-nom-pl

-g-as{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅æ > a/-g-u{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅æ > a/-a/-a{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-ru/-an

oe-acc-pl

oe-gen-pl

-g-a{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅æ > a/-a/-a{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅/-ena/-ra

oe-dat-pl

-g-um{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅æ > a/-umæ > a/-um{æ|e|o} > ∅, i > ∅, {u|y} > ∅æ > a/-um/-rum

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
hlakkia	hlakkade	laugh	hlakkia > ?	?
fara	for	go	fara > ?	?
mōta	most	be allowed	mōta > ?	?
senda	sant	send	senda > ?	?
lathia	lathade	summon	lathia > ?	?
trāsta	traste	comfort	trāsta > ?	?
lēra	lerde	teach	lēra > ?	?
stiūra	stiurde	steer	stiūra > ?	?
ieva	ief	give	ieva > ?	?

Etymograph > Indo-European > Old Frisian > Morphology > ofr-past-sg

Orphan Examples