Etymograph > Indo-European > Ancient Greek > Historical Phonology > pie-to-grk

grk-laryngeal-vocalization

h₁e > e
Example: PIE *h₁esti 'be.PRES.3SG' > Grk ἐστι

grk-word-final-m

Ringe 2024:112
m > n / _#
Example: PIE *sém 'one.N' > *sen > Grk **ἑν

grk-vocalic-nasals

Ringe 2024:113
{|} > a
Example: PIE *septm̥ 'seven' > *septa > Grk **ἑπτα

grk-thorn-clusters

Ringe 2024:116
{t|tk} > kt

grk-palatals

Ringe 2024:116
> k

grk-cowgills-law

Ringe 2024:119
o > u / [nasal]_[labiovelar]

grk-tst-clusters

Ringe 2024:121
T > / _st

grk-voicing-assimilation

Ringe 2024:122
[-sonorant,-continuant] > [-voice] / _[-sonorant,-continuant,-voice]

grk-aspirate-devoicing

Ringe 2024:125
> φ

grk-lenition-of-s

Ringe 2024:131
s > h / #_![-sonorant,-continuant]
Example: PIE *sém 'one.N' > *sen > Grk **ἑν