pnwgmc-e-lowering
Ringe 2014:10 (2.1.1)
ē > ā if sound is stressed
Example: PGmc *rēdan- 'decide' > *rādan > OE rǣdan
pnwgmc-word-final-long-o
Ringe 2014:16
Example: PGmc *badwō 'battle' > *badwū > PNWGmc *badu
pnwgmc-final-high-vowel-shortening
Ringe 2014:14, Ringe 2014:16
[+syllabic,+high] > [-long] / _# if sound is non-stressed
Example: PGmc *bandī 'fetter' > PNWGmc *bandi
pnwgmc-w-before-u
Ringe 2014:16
w > ∅ / C_u if previous sound is not 'w' and next sound is non-stressed
Example: PGmc *badwō 'battle' > *badwu > PNWGmc *badu
pnwgmc-a-before-m
Ringe 2014:17
a > u / _m if sound is non-stressed
Example: PGmc *dagamaz 'day.DAT.PL' > PNWGmc *dagumaz
pnwgmc-er
Ringe 2014:18
e > a / _r if sound is non-stressed
Example: PGmc *fader- 'father' > *fadar > OE fæder
pnwgmc-weak-verb-alternation
Ringe 2014:161
word is V and word ends with 'ōn':
word is V and word ends with 'ēn':
otherwise:
Example: PGmc *liznōn- 'to learn' > *liznōjan > OE leornian