pwgmc-unstressed-ai
Ringe 2014:25
ai > ē if sound is non-stressed
Example: PGmc *dagai 'day.DAT' > PWGmc *dagē
pwgmc-stressed-u
Ringe 2014:27, Hogg 2011:3.10
u > o if sound is stressed non-diphthong and number of syllables is not 1 and next vowel is not close and next consonant is not nasal and next vocalic is not 'j'
Example: PGmc *hurną 'horn' > *horną > PWGmc *horn
pwgmc-zw-dw
Ringe 2014:41
Example: PGmc *fedwōr 'four' > *fewwōr > PWGmc *feuwar
pwgmc-final-z
Ringe 2014:43, Hogg 2011:3.31
z > ∅ / _# if previous vowel is non-stressed
Example: PNWGmc *dagumaz 'day.DAT.PL' > *daguma > OE dagum
pwgmc-final-a
Ringe 2014:44, Hogg 2011:3.28
{a|ą} > ∅ / _# if sound is non-stressed
Example: PGmc *hawwaną 'chop' > *hawwan > PWGmc *hauwan
pwgmc-labiovelars
Ringe 2014:48
pwgmc-final-j-w
Ringe 2014:46
j > i / C_# if previous sound is not 'j'
Example: PGmc *harjaz 'army' > *harj > PWGmc *hari
pwgmc-gemination-by-j
Ringe 2014:50, Hogg 2011:4.11
β > bb / _j if previous sound is non-diphthong short vowel
pwgmc-word-final-high-nasals
Ringe 2014:55
Example: PGmc *gumanų 'human.ACC' > *gumanu > PWGmc *guman
pwgmc-word-final-i-u
Ringe 2014:55, Hogg 2011:3.29
{i|u} > ∅ / _# if sound is not diphthong and number of syllables is at least 3 and not (previous sound is consonant and (second previous sound is 'i' or second previous sound is 'u'))
Example: PGmc *gumanų 'human.ACC' > *gumanu > PWGmc *guman
pwgmc-long-o
Ringe 2014:58
{ō|ǭ} > ā / _(r)# if sound is non-stressed
Example: PGmc *fedwōr 'four' > *fewwōr > *fewwār > PWGmc *feuwar
pwgmc-shorten-before-final-r
Ringe 2014:60
V > [-long] / _r# if sound is non-stressed
Example: PGmc *fedwōr 'four' > *fewwār > *fewwar > PWGmc *feuwar
pwgmc-unstressed-diphthongs
Ringe 2014:60, Hogg 2011:3.33
au > ō if sound is non-stressed
Example: PGmc *sunauz 'son.GEN' > *sunau > PWGmc *sunō
pwgmc-w-after-stressed-vowel-before-u
Ringe 2014:61, Hogg 2011:3.19 (1)
w > ∅ / V_u if previous sound is stressed
Example: PNWGmc *þrawu 'emotional pain' > PWGmc *þrau
pwgmc-stressed-final-vowels
Ringe 2014:65
V > [+long] / _# if sound is stressed non-diphthong
Example: PGmc *nu 'now' > PWGmc *nū
pwgmc-jj-ww
Ringe 2014:65