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Viking Language 13.1
Br
o
dd-Helgi
Brodd-Helgi
sp
u
rði
ask
.ppart
s
au
ða-mann-inn,
shepherd
-def.acc.sg
hv
e
rsu
how
fl
a
kkat
wander
.ppart.n.nom
h
e
fði,
have
.pst.subj.3sg
u
m
about
d
a
g-inn
day
-def.acc.sg
e
ptir.
after
E
n
but
h
a
nn
he
h
a
f-ði
have
-pst.3sg
ö
ll
all
.n.nom.pl
i
n
the
.n.acc.pl
s
ö
mu
same
.n.acc.pl
sv
ö
r
answer
.acc.pl
v
i
ð
by
h
a
nn
he
.m.acc
s
e
m
as
v
i
ð
by
Þ
o
rstein.
Þorsteinn
.acc
Br
o
dd-Helgi
Brodd-Helgi
l
é
t
let
.pst.3sg
s
e
m
as
h
a
nn
he
h
ey
rði
hear
.pst.3sg
ei
gi
not
o
k
and
f
ó
r
go
-pst.3sg
í
in
r
e
kkj-u
bed-ACC
u
m
about
kv
e
ld-it.
evening
-def.acc.sg
O
k
and
e
r
when
a
ðrir
other
.m.nom.pl
m
e
nn
man
.nom.pl
v
á
r-u
be
-pst.3pl
s
o
fnaðir,
fall asleep
.ppart.m.nom.pl
r
ei
s
rise
-pst.3sg
h
a
nn
he
u
pp
up
o
k
and
t
ó
k
take
-pst.3sg
skj
ö
ld
shield
.acc
s
i
nn,
his/her own
.m.acc
o
k
and
g
e
kk
go
.pst.3sg
h
a
nn
he
s
í
ðan
then
ú
t.
out
Þ
e
ss
that
.n.gen
e
r
be
.pres.3sg
g
e
tit,
get
.ppart.n.nom
a
t
that
h
a
nn
he
t
ó
k
take
-pst.3sg
u
pp
up
ei
nn
one
h
e
llustein,
flagstone
.acc
m
i
kinn
great
.m.acc
o
k
and
þ
u
nnan,
thin
.m.acc
o
k
and
l
é
t
let
.pst.3sg
a
nnan
other
.m.acc
e
nd-a
end-ACC
í
in
br
œ
kr
breeches
s
í
nar,
his/her own
.f.nom.pl
e
n
but
a
nnan
other
.m.acc
f
y
rir
for
brj
ó
st.
breast
.acc
H
a
nn
he
h
a
f-ði
have
-pst.3sg
í
in
h
e
ndi
hand
.dat
b
o
løxi
broad-axe
.acc
m
i
kla
great
.f.acc
á
on
h
á
vu
high
.n.dat
sk
a
pti.
shaft
.dat
H
a
nn
he
f
e
r-r,
go
-pres.3sg
u
nz
until
h
a
nn
he
k
e
mr
come
.pres.3sg
í
in
s
au
ðahús,
sheep.ACC.PL-house.ACC
o
k
and
r
e
kr
drive
.pres.3sg
þ
a
ðan
thence
sp
o
r,
track
.acc
þv
í
because
a
t
that
snj
ó
r
snow
v
a
r
be
-pst.3sg
á
on
j
ö
rðu.
earth
.dat
H
a
nn
he
k
e
mr
come
.pres.3sg
á
on
Smjörvatnsheiði
u
pp
up
fr
á
from
Sunnudal.
Sv
a
rtr
black
g
e
kk
go
.pst.3sg
ú
t
out
o
k
and
s
á
see
.pst.3sg
m
a
nn
man
.acc
kn
á
ligan
vigorous
.m.acc
k
o
m-inn
come-PPART
o
k
and
sp
u
rði,
ask
.ppart
hv
e
rr
each
þ
a
r
there
v
æ
r-i.
be
-pst.subj.3sg
Br
o
dd-Helgi
Brodd-Helgi
s
a
gði
say
.pst.3sg
t
i
l
to
sín.
his/her own
.f.nom
|
his/her own
.n.nom.pl
"Þ
ú
you
munt
æ
tla
intend
a
t
to
f
a
ra
go
á
on
f
u
nd
meeting
.acc
m
i
nn
my
o
k
and
ei
gi
not
ø
rendislaust",
in vain
s
e
g-ir
say
-pres.3sg
h
a
nn.
he
Sv
a
rtr
black
hlj
ó
p
leap
.pst.3sg
a
t
to
h
o
num
he
.m.dat
o
k
and
l
e
gg-r
lay
-pres.3sg
t
i
l
to
h
a
ns
he
.m.gen
m
e
ð
with
h
ö
ggspjóti
broad-bladed-spear
.dat
m
i
klu,
great
.n.dat
e
n
but
Br
o
dd-Helgi
Brodd-Helgi
br
á
move quickly
.pst.3sg
v
i
ð
by
sk
i
ldinum,
shield
.def.dat.sg
o
k
and
k
o
m
come
-pst.3sg
á
on
ú
tanverðan
outward
.m.acc
skj
ö
ld-inn
shield
-def.acc.sg
o
k
and
k
e
mr
come
.pres.3sg
í
in
h
e
llu-na,
flat stone
-def.acc.sg
o
k
and
sn
ei
ddi
slice
.pst.3sg
a
f
of
h
e
llu-nni
flat stone
-def.dat.sg
sv
á
so
h
a
rt,
hard
.n.acc
a
t
that
h
a
nn
he
f
é
ll
fall
.pst.3sg
e
ptir
after
l
a
g-inu.
thrust
-def.dat.sg
E
n
but
Br
o
dd-Helgi
Brodd-Helgi
h
ø
ggr
strike
.pres.3sg
á
on
f
ó
t-inn,
foot
-def.acc.sg
sv
á
so
a
t
that
a
f
of
t
ó
k.
take
-pst.3sg
Þ
á
then
m
æ
l-ti
speak
-pst.3sg
Sv
a
rtr:
black
"N
ú
now
g
e
r-ði
make
-pst.3sg
g
æ
fumun
difference in fortune
.acc
o
kkar",
we two
.gen
s
e
g-ir
say
-pres.3sg
h
a
nn,
he
"
o
k
and
muntu
v
e
rða
become
b
a
namaðr
killer
m
i
nn,
my
e
n
but
s
á
that
æ
ttangr
family misfortune
m
u
n
will
-pres.3sg
v
e
rða
become
í
in
k
y
n-i
kin-DAT
y
ðru
your
.n.dat
h
é
ðan
hence
a
f,
of
a
t
that
a
lla
all
.f.acc
æ
vi
age
m
u
n
will
-pres.3sg
u
ppi
up
v
e
ra,
be
m
e
ðan
while
l
a
nd-it
land
-def.acc.sg
e
r
which
b
y
ggt."
settle
.pres.2sg
E
ptir
after
þ
e
tta
this
.n.acc
hj
ó
strike
.pst.3sg
H
e
lgi
Helgi
h
a
nn
he
.m.acc
b
a
nahögg.
death blow
.acc
N
ú
now
v
a
knar
awake
.pres.3sg
Þ
o
rsteinn
Þorsteinn
k
a
rl
old man
h
ei
ma
at home
á
on
Hofi
o
k
and
g
e
ngr
go
.pres.3sg
a
f
of
r
e
kkj-u
bed-ACC
s
i
nni
his/her own
.f.dat
o
k
and
t
e
k-r
take
-pres.3sg
í
in
r
ú
m
bed
.acc
Br
o
dd-Helg-a.
Brodd-Helgi-GEN
V
a
r
be
-pst.3sg
þ
a
t
that
.n.nom
k
a
lt
cold
.n.nom
o
rðit.
become
.ppart.n.nom
H
a
nn
he
v
e
kr
wake
.pres.3sg
u
pp
up
h
ú
skarla
house-old man
.acc
sina
o
k
and
b
i
ðr
ask
.pres.3sg
þ
á
then
f
a
ra
go
a
t
to
l
ei
ta
seek
Br
o
dd-Helg-a.
Brodd-Helgi-GEN
O
k
and
e
r
when
þ
ei
r
they
.m
k
ó
mu
come
.pst.3pl
ú
t,
out
r
ö
kðu
trace
.pst.3pl
þ
ei
r
they
.m
sp
o
r
track
.acc
h
a
ns
he
.m.gen
a
lla
all
.f.acc
l
ei
ð
way
o
k
and
f
u
ndu
find
.pst.3pl
h
a
nn
he
.m.acc
þ
a
r
there
s
e
m
as
Sv
a
rtr
black
l
á
lie
.pst.3sg
d
au
ðr.
dead
S
í
ðan
then
h
u
lðu
bury
.pst.3pl
þ
ei
r
they
.m
hr
æ
dead body
.acc
Svarts
o
k
and
h
ö
f-ðu
have
-pst.3pl
m
e
ð
with
s
é
r
him/herself
.dat
a
llt
everywhere
þ
a
t,
that
.n.acc
s
e
m
as
f
é
mætt
valuable
.n.nom.acc
v
a
r.
be
-pst.3sg
V
a
rð
become
-pst.3sg
Br
o
dd-Helgi
Brodd-Helgi
v
í
ðfrægr
famous
o
k
and
l
o
f-aðr
praise-PPART
mj
ö
k
much
a
f
of
a
lþýðu
public
.dat
f
y
rir
for
þ
e
tta
this
.n.acc
þr
e
kvirki,
courageous deed
e
r
when
h
a
nn
he
h
a
f-ði
have
-pst.3sg
u
nnit,
win
.ppart.n.nom
j
a
fnungr
as young
s
e
m
as
h
a
nn
he
v
a
r
be
-pst.3sg
e
nn
yet
a
t
in
a
ldri.
age
.dat
Source: Vápnfirðinga saga (ch 2)