From Proto-West Germanic to Old English
| From | To | Gloss | Steps | Expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PNWGmc *langizô | lengra | longer | langizô > langirō > ląngirō > lengra | |
| PNWGmc *mānô | mōna | moon | mānô > mānō > mą̄nō > mōna | |
| PGmc *mēnan- | mōna | moon | mēnan- > mānan > mą̄nan > mōnan | mōnan |
| PWGmc *andī | ende | end | andī > ąndī > ende | |
| PWGmc *þannjan | þennan | to extend | þannjan > þąnnjan > þennan | |
| PWGmc *frammjan | fremman | to further | frammjan > frąmmjan > fremman | |
| PNWGmc *wānijaną | wēnan | to expect, to hope | wānijaną > wānijan > wą̄nijan > wēnan | |
| PNWGmc *spānuz | spōn | wood-chip, shaving | spānuz > spānu > spą̄nu > spōn | |
| PNWGmc *glāmaz | glōm | faint light | glāmaz > glām > glą̄m > glōm | |
| PWGmc *jāmar | ġeōmor | lamentation; sad | jāmar > ją̄mar > ġōmer | ġōmer |
| PWGmc *kampijō | cempa | warrior | kampijō > kąmpijō > cempa | |
| PWGmc *anafalt | anfealt | anvil | anafalt > ąnafalt > ænfealt | ænfealt |
| PWGmc *skamu | sċamu | shame | skamu > skąmu > sċamu | |
| PGmc *skamō- | sċamu | shame | skamō- > skamu > skąmu > sċamu | |
| PGmc *drankijaną | drenċan | to give to drink | drankijaną > drankijan > drąnkijan > drenċan | |
| PGmc *drankjan- | drenċan | to give to drink | drankjan- > drąnkjan > drenċan | |
| PNWGmc *bankiz | benċ | bench | bankiz > banki > bąnki > benċ | |
| PGmc *banki- | benċ | bench | banki- > bąnki > benċ | |
| PNWGmc *fangiz | fenġ | grasp, booty | fangiz > fangi > fąngi > fenġ | |
| PGmc *fangi- | fenġ | catch | fangi- > fąngi > fenġ | |
| PNWGmc *strangiz | strenġ | string | strangiz > strangi > strąngi > strenġ | |
| PGmc *strangi- | strenġ | string, cord, rope | strangi- > strąngi > strenġ | |
| PWGmc *gangī | genġe | passable | gangī > gąngī > genġī | genġī |
| PGmc *gangi- | genġe | passable | gangi- > gąngi > genġ | genġ |
| PNWGmc *þangilaz | þenġel | prince | þangilaz > þangil > þąngil > þenġel | |
| PWGmc *hangist | henġest | stallion | hangist > hąngist > henġest | |
| PGmc *hangista- | henġest | horse; stallion(?); gelding(?) | hangista- > hangist > hąngist > henġest | |
| PWGmc *angil | enġel | angel | angil > ąngil > enġel | |
| PGmc *sandijaną | sendan | to send | sandijaną > sandijan > sąndijan > sendan | |
| PGmc *sandjan- | sendan | to send | sandjan- > sąndjan > sendan | |
| PGmc *banjō | benn | wound | banjō > bannju > bąnnju > benn | |
| PNWGmc *kanipaz | cenep | moustache | kanipaz > kanip > kąnip > cenep | |
| PWGmc *hamiþī | hemeþe | shirt | hamiþī > hąmiþī > hemiþe | hemiþe |
| PNWGmc *wāniz | wēn | hope, expectation | wāniz > wāni > wą̄ni > wēn | |
| PNWGmc *bandi | bend | fetter | bandi > bąndi > bend | |
| PWGmc *hanapi | henep | hemp | hanapi > hąnapi > honp | honp |
| PGmc *hanipa- | henep | hemp | hanipa- > hanip > hąnip > henep | |
| PWGmc *gang | gang | pace, step, gait | gang > gąng > gong | gong |
| PWGmc *handu | hand | hand | handu > hąndu > hænd | hænd |
| PGmc *handu- | hand | hand | handu- > hąndu > hand | |
| PGmc *amaitjō- | æmette | ant | amaitjō- > amētj > ąmētj > omet | omet |
| PGmc *anad- | ænid | duck | anad- > ąnad > æned | æned |
| PGmc *anadan- | anda | breath; spirit | anadan- > ąnadan > andan | andan |
| PGmc *andiz | end | earlier, rather | andiz > andi > ąndi > end | |
| PGmc *angula- | ongel | hook, tip | angula- > angul > ąngul > ongul | ongul |
| PGmc *angwu- | enge | narrow | angwu- > angu > ąngu > ong | ong |
| PGmc *amazan- | omer | bunting | amazan- > amaran > ąmaran > omran | omran |
| PGmc *ana | on | on | ana > an > ąn > on | |
| PGmc *ampran- | ampre | sorrel, dock | ampran- > ąmpran > ompran | ompran |
| PGmc *banda- | beand | band, bond | banda- > band > bąnd > band | band |
| PGmc *bandjan- | bendan | bend (a bow) | bandjan- > bąndjan > bendan | |
| PGmc *banjō | benu | wound | banjō > bannju > bąnnju > benn | benn |
| PGmc *bannan- | bannan | command, summon | bannan- > bąnnan > bannan | |
| PGmc *blandan- | blandan | mix, mingle | blandan- > bląndan > blandan | |
| PGmc *brannjan- | bærnan | make burn | brannjan- > brąnnjan > bernan | bernan |
| PGmc *brannijaną | bærnan | make burn | brannijaną > brannijan > brąnnijan > bernan | bernan |
| PGmc *branta- | brant | steep | branta- > brant > brąnt > brant | |
| PGmc *dangjan- | denċġan | beat | dangjan- > dąngjan > denġan | denġan |
| PGmc *ēmōn- | ōman | erysipelas | ēmōn- > āmōn > ą̄mōn > ōman | |
| PGmc *ēmōn- | ē̆mel | larva | ēmōn- > āmōn > ą̄mōn > ōman | ōman |
| PGmc *fanan- | fana | cloth | fanan- > fąnan > fanan | fanan |
| PGmc *fandōn- | fandian | investigate | fandōn- > fandōjan > fąndōjan > fandian | |
| PGmc *fanja- | fen | fen, swamp | fanja- > fani > fąni > fene | fene |
| PGmc *gamala- | gamol | old | gamala- > gamal > gąmal > gamel | gamel |
| PGmc *ganazan- | gandra | gander | ganazan- > ganaran > gąnaran > gonran | gonran |
| PGmc *gangan- | gangan | go | gangan- > gąngan > gangan | |
| PGmc *ganuta- | ganot | gander | ganuta- > ganut > gąnut > ganot | |
| PGmc *gēn- | gān | to go | gēn- > gān > gą̄n > gōn | gōn |
| PGmc *gramjan- | gremian | provoke, anger | gramjan- > grammjan > grąmmjan > gremman | gremman |
| PGmc *granō- | granu | hair of the beard | granō- > granu > grąnu > granu | |
| PGmc *hama- | hama | shape, physical form | hama- > ham > hąm > ham | ham |
| PGmc *hamara- | hamor | hammer | hamara- > hamar > hąmar > hamer | hamer |
| PGmc *hamō- | ham | shank | hamō- > hamu > hąmu > hamu | hamu |
| PGmc *hanan- | hana | rooster, singer | hanan- > hąnan > hanan | hanan |
| PGmc *hangjan- | henġan | to (make) hang | hangjan- > hąngjan > henġan | |
| PGmc *hramusan- | hromsa | ramsons | hramusan- > hrąmusan > hromosan | hromosan |
| PGmc *kamba- | camb | comb | kamba- > kamb > kąmb > camb | |
| PGmc *kambjan- | cemban | comb | kambjan- > kąmbjan > cemban | |
| PGmc *kanjan- | cennan | bring forth | kanjan- > kannjan > kąnnjan > cennan | |
| PGmc *kannjan- | cennan | make known | kannjan- > kąnnjan > cennan | |
| PGmc *kannōn- | canne | jug | kannōn- > kąnnōn > connan | connan |
| PGmc *klammjan- | clemman | clamp; to jam | klammjan- > kląmmjan > clemman | |
| PGmc *krammōn- | crammian | squeeze | krammōn- > krammōjan > krąmmōjan > crammian | |
| PGmc *kranan- | cran | crane | kranan- > krąnan > cronan | cronan |
| PGmc *lambiz- | lamb | lamb | lambiz- > lambi > ląmbi > lemb | lemb |
| PGmc *lamjan- | lemian | beat (up), cripple | lamjan- > lammjan > ląmmjan > lemman | lemman |
| PGmc *landa- | land | land | landa- > land > ląnd > land | |
| PGmc *landjō- | lendenu | lower part of the back, kidney, loin | landjō- > landju > ląndju > lend | lend |
| PGmc *langa- | lang | long | langa- > lang > ląng > lang | |
| PGmc *managa- | maniġ | many | managa- > manag > mąnag > maniġ | |
| PGmc *mangjan- | menġan | mix | mangjan- > mąngjan > menġan | |
| PGmc *manja- | mene | necklace | manja- > mani > mąni > mene | |
| PGmc *manniska- | mennisc | human | manniska- > mannisk > mąnnisk > mennesc | mennesc |
| PGmc *manō- | manu | mane, neck | manō- > manu > mąnu > manu | |
| PGmc *mēnōþ- | mōnað | month | mēnōþ- > mānōþ > mą̄nōþ > mōnað | |
| PGmc *namōn- | nama | name | namōn- > nąmōn > naman | naman |
| PGmc *ramma- | ram | ram | ramma- > ramm > rąmm > ramm | ramm |
| PGmc *ranka- | ranc | erect | ranka- > rank > rąnk > ranc | |
| PGmc *samda- | sand | sand | samda- > samd > sąmd > samd | samd |
| PGmc *sangwa- | sang | singing; song | sangwa- > sangu > sąngu > sang | |
| PGmc *sankʷjan- | sencan | cause to sink | sankʷjan- > sankwjan > sąnkwjan > sencan | |
| PGmc *sprangjan- | sprenġan | make jump, to make burst | sprangjan- > sprąngjan > sprenġan | |
| PGmc *stamma- | stamm | stammering | stamma- > stamm > stąmm > stamm | |
| PGmc *standan- | standan | stand | standan- > stąndan > standan | |
| PGmc *strandō- | strand | edge; shore, beach | strandō- > strandu > strąndu > strand | |
| PGmc *stranga- | strong | strong | stranga- > strang > strąng > strong | |
| PGmc *swamban- | swam | sponge, mushroom | swamban- > swąmban > swomban | swomban |
| PGmc *swana- | swan | swan | swana- > swan > swąn > swan | |
| PGmc *tangō- | tang | tongs | tangō- > tangu > tąngu > tang | |
| PGmc *þanka- | þanc | thanks | þanka- > þank > þąnk > þanc | |
| PGmc *þankjan- | þenċan | think | þankjan- > þąnkjan > þenċan | |
| PGmc *þwangi- | þwang | latchet | þwangi- > þwąngi > þweni | þweni |
| PGmc *wambō- | wamb | womb, belly | wambō- > wambu > wąmbu > wamb | |
| PGmc *wana- | wan | lacking, missing, void | wana- > wan > wąn > wan | |
| PGmc *wandjan- | wendan | cause to turn | wandjan- > wąndjan > wendan | |
| PGmc *wanga- | wang | meadow | wanga- > wang > wąng > wang | |
| PGmc *wlanka- | wlanc | bold | wlanka- > wlank > wląnk > wlanc | |
| PGmc *wrandan- | wrenna | wren | wrandan- > wrąndan > wrondan | wrondan |
| PGmc *wranga- | wrang | twisted, wrong | wranga- > wrang > wrąng > wrang | |
| PGmc *wrankjan- | wrenċan | twist, wring | wrankjan- > wrąnkjan > wrenċan | |
| PGmc *hlankjan- | *hlenċan | twist, turn | hlankjan- > hląnkjan > hlenċan | |
| PGmc *mannan- | mann | man | mannan- > mąnnan > monnan | monnan |
| PGmc *swammjan- | *swemman | make swim | swammjan- > swąmmjan > swemman | |
| PGmc *tandjan- | *tendan | kindle | tandjan- > tąndjan > tendan | |
| PGmc *skrankʷjan- | *sċrencan | make fall(?) | skrankʷjan- > skrankwjan > skrąnkwjan > sċrencan | |
| PGmc *tangja- | *tenġe | approximate | tangja- > tangi > tąngi > tenġ | tenġ |
| PGmc *klangjan- | clengan | make stick | klangjan- > kląngjan > clenian | clenian |