From Proto-West Germanic to Old English
| From | To | Gloss | Steps | Expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PGmc *gaumijaną | ġīeman | to observe | gaumijaną > gaumijan > gaumjan > ġīeman | |
| PGmc *hungrijaną | hyngran | to be hungry | hungrijaną > hungrijan > hungrjan > hyngran | |
| PNWGmc *kussijaną | cyssan | to kiss | kussijaną > kussijan > kussjan > cyssan | |
| PNWGmc *fātijana | fǣtan | to adorn | fātijana > fǣtijan > fǣtjan > fǣtan | |
| PGmc *wurkijaną | wyrċan | to work, to make | wurkijaną > wurkijan > wurkjan > wyrċan | |
| PGmc *fullijaną | fyllan | to fill | fullijaną > fullijan > fulljan > fyllan | |
| PGmc *þunkijaną | þynċan | to seem | þunkijaną > þunkijan > þunkjan > þynċan | |
| PWGmc *hauzijan | hīeran | to hear | hauzijan > haurijan > haurjan > hīeran | |
| PWGmc *laizijan | lǣran | to teach | laizijan > lairijan > lairjan > lǣran | |
| PWGmc *marzijan | mierran | to disturb, to hinder | marzijan > mærrijan > mærrjan > merran | merran |
| PGmc *nanþijaną | nēþan | to be bold | nanþijaną > nōþijan > nōþjan > nēþan | |
| PGmc *kunþijaną | cȳþan | to make known | kunþijaną > kūþijan > kūþjan > cȳþan | |
| PWGmc *fanþijō | fēþa | traveller on foot | fanþijō > fōþijā > fōþjā > fēþa | |
| PNWGmc *wānijaną | wēnan | to expect, to hope | wānijaną > wōnijan > wōnjan > wēnan | |
| PWGmc *lāwijan | lǣwan | to betray | lāwijan > lǣwijan > lǣwjan > lǣwan | |
| PWGmc *garwijan | ġierwan | to prepare | garwijan > gærwijan > gærwjan > ġierwan | |
| PWGmc *dōmijan | dēman | to judge | dōmijan > dōmjan > dēman | |
| PWGmc *sōkijan | sēċan | to look for, to seek | sōkijan > sōkjan > sēċan | |
| PWGmc *raikijan | rǣċan | to reach | raikijan > raikjan > rǣċan | |
| PWGmc *kampijō | cempa | warrior | kampijō > kompijā > kompjā > cempa | |
| PGmc *drankijaną | drenċan | to give to drink | drankijaną > drąnkijan > drąnkjan > drenċan | |
| PNWGmc *raukijaną | rīeċan | to cause smoke, to smoke (meat etc.) | raukijaną > raukijan > raukjan > rīeċan | |
| PNWGmc *baugijaną | bīeġan | to bend | baugijaną > baugijan > baugjan > bīeġan | |
| PNWGmc *hnaigijaną | hnǣġan | to lower, to cause to bow | hnaigijaną > hnaigijan > hnaigjan > hnǣġan | |
| PWGmc *þrukkijan | þryċċan | to press, to oppress | þrukkijan > þrukkjan > þryċċan | |
| PGmc *rignijaną | riġnan | to rain | rignijaną > rignijan > rignjan > riġnan | |
| PNWGmc *siglijaną | siġlan | to sail | siglijaną > siglijan > sigljan > siġlan | |
| PGmc *furhtijaną | fyrhtan | to frighten | furhtijaną > furhtijan > furhtjan > fyrhtan | |
| PNWGmc *dūbijaną | dȳfan | to dip, to immerse | dūbijaną > dūβijan > dūβjan > dȳfan | |
| PNWGmc *rūmijaną | rȳman | to make room, to clear out | rūmijaną > rūmijan > rūmjan > rȳman | |
| PNWGmc *snūtijaną | snȳtan | to blow one's nose | snūtijaną > snūtijan > snūtjan > snȳtan | |
| PWGmc *hlūdijan | hlȳdan | to make a loud noise | hlūdijan > hlūdjan > hlȳdan | |
| PWGmc *tūnijan | tȳnan | to enclose | tūnijan > tūnjan > tȳnan | |
| PNWGmc *funsijaną | fȳsan | to make ready to go | funsijaną > fūsijan > fūsjan > fȳsan | |
| PNWGmc *wunskijaną | wȳsċan | to wish | wunskijaną > wūskijan > wūskjan > wȳsċan | |
| PWGmc *hunþijan | hȳþan | to plunder, to make captive | hunþijan > hūþijan > hūþjan > hȳþan | |
| PGmc *fōdijaną | fēdan | to feed | fōdijaną > fōdijan > fōdjan > fēdan | |
| PGmc *wōpijaną | wēpan | to call | wōpijaną > wōpijan > wōpjan > wēpan | |
| PGmc *mōtijaną | mētan | to meet | mōtijaną > mōtijan > mōtjan > mētan | |
| PGmc *grōtijaną | grētan | to cause to weep | grōtijaną > grōtijan > grōtjan > grētan | |
| PWGmc *fōgijan | fēġan | to fit together | fōgijan > fōgjan > fēġan | |
| PWGmc *brōgijan | brēġan | to terrify | brōgijan > brōgjan > brēġan | |
| PGmc *sandijaną | sendan | to send | sandijaną > sąndijan > sąndjan > sendan | |
| PNWGmc *sanþijaną | sēþan | to declare true | sanþijaną > sōþijan > sōþjan > sēþan | |
| PGmc *hailijaną | hǣlan | to heal, to cure | hailijaną > hailijan > hailjan > hǣlan | |
| PGmc *laibijaną | lǣfan | to leave (over) | laibijaną > laiβijan > laiβjan > lǣfan | |
| PGmc *laidijaną | lǣdan | to make go | laidijaną > laidijan > laidjan > lǣdan | |
| PGmc *laistijaną | lǣstan | to follow | laistijaną > laistijan > laistjan > lǣstan | |
| PGmc *aglijaną | eġlan | to treat badly, to harm | aglijaną > æglijan > ægljan > eġlan | |
| PNWGmc *hrappijaną | hreppan | to grasp | hrappijaną > hræppijan > hræppjan > hreppan | |
| PWGmc *rafsijan | refsan | to reproach, to blame | rafsijan > ræfsijan > ræfsjan > refsan | |
| PWGmc *rastijan | restan | to rest | rastijan > ræstijan > ræstjan > restan | |
| PGmc *warmijaną | wierman | to warm | warmijaną > wærmijan > wærmjan > wierman | |
| PGmc *wargijaną | wierġan | to condemn | wargijaną > wærgijan > wærgjan > wierġan | |
| PNWGmc *hʷarbijaną | hwierfan | to turn, to change | hʷarbijaną > hwærβijan > hwærβjan > hwierfan | |
| PNWGmc *bargijaną | bierġan | to taste | bargijaną > bærgijan > bærgjan > bierġan | |
| PWGmc *harstijan | hierstan | to roast | harstijan > hærstijan > hærstjan > hierstan | |
| PWGmc *skarpijan | sċierpan | to sharpen | skarpijan > skærpijan > skærpjan > sċierpan | |
| PWGmc *warnijan | wiernan | to refuse, to deny | warnijan > wærnijan > wærnjan > wiernan | |
| PGmc *hardijaną | hierdan | to harden | hardijaną > hærdijan > hærdjan > hierdan | |
| PNWGmc *halþijaną | hieldan | to tilt, to incline | halþijaną > hældijan > hældjan > hieldan | |
| PNWGmc *aldijaną | ieldan | to make old | aldijaną > ældijan > ældjan > ieldan | |
| PGmc *galaubijaną | ġelīefan | to believe | galaubijaną > gælauβijan > gælauβjan > ġælīefan | ġælīefan |
| PGmc *lausijaną | līesan | to release, to set free | lausijaną > lausijan > lausjan > līesan | |
| PGmc *girnijaną | ġiernan | to be eager for, to desire | girnijaną > girnijan > girnjan > ġiernan | |
| PNWGmc *smirwijaną | smierwan | to smear, to anoint | smirwijaną > smirwijan > smirwjan > smierwan | |
| PWGmc *hirtijan | hiertan | to put heart in (someone) | hirtijan > hirtjan > hiertan | |
| PGmc *liuhtijaną | līehtan | to shine | liuhtijaną > liuhtijan > liuhtjan > līehtan | |
| PNWGmc *stiurijaną | stīeran | to steer, to direct | stiurijaną > stiurijan > stiurjan > stīeran | |
| PWGmc *striunijan | strīenan | to acquire, to gain | striunijan > striunjan > strīenan | |
| PWGmc *skuldihaitijō | sċyldhǣta | deputy, bailiff | skuldihaitijō > skuldihaitijā > skuldihaitjā > sċyldēota | sċyldēota |
| PWGmc *garāfijō | gerefa | count (the male ruler of a county) | garāfijō > gærǣfijā > gærǣfjā > ġearefa | ġearefa |
| PWGmc *bifastijan | befæstan | to make fast, secure | bifastijan > bifæstijan > bifæstjan > bifestan | bifestan |
| PGmc *brannijaną | bærnan | make burn | brannijaną > brąnnijan > brąnnjan > bernan | bernan |
| PWGmc *niuhsijan | nēosan | to spy | niuhsijan > niuhsjan > nīesan | nīesan |