Etymograph > Indo-European > Old English > Rules > oe-short-vowel-syncope

Source: Ringe 2014:264, Hogg 2011:6.13

'o' comes up only in synchronous contexts

{æ|e|o} > ∅ if sound is non-stressed non-diphthong and syllable is open and syllable is not last and previous vowel is stressed

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
*mæġædīn	*mæġdīn	little girl	mæġædīn > mæġædīn > mægdīn	mægdīn
PWGmc *anafalt	anfealt	anvil	anafalt > anæfealt > anfealt
PWGmc *laiwazikā	lāwriċe	lark	laiwazikā > lāwæriċǣ > lāwrċǣ > lawrċe	lawrċe
PWGmc *hanapi	henep	hemp	hanapi > hanæpi > hanpi > hanp	hanp
PWGmc *nāhawisti	nēawist	neighborhood	nāhawisti > nēahæisti > nēahsti > nēahst	nēahst
PWGmc *buterā	butere	butter	buterā > buterǣ > butrǣ > butre	butre
PGmc *adesan-	adesa	adze	adesan- > ædesan > ædsan > ætsan	ætsan
PGmc *aima-uzjōn-	ǣmyrie	embers	aima-uzjōn- > āmæ-urjān > ām-urjān > ām-orian	ām-orian
PGmc *ainalifa-	endlufon	eleven	ainalifa- > ānælif > ānlif > ānlef	ānlef
PGmc *humelan-	hymele	hops	humelan- > humlan	humlan

i > ∅ if sound is non-stressed non-diphthong and next sound is not vowel and syllable is open and syllable is not last and previous vowel is stressed and (previous vowel is long or previous vowel is diphthong or previous syllable is closed)

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PNWGmc *langizô	lengra	longer	langizô > lenġirā > lengrā > lengra
PNWGmc *kussidē	cyste	(s)he kissed	kussidē > kyssidē > kyssdē > cyste
PWGmc *blīþisi	bliss	happiness	blīþisi > blīþsi > bliss
PNWGmc *lākinôna	lācnian	to heal	lākinôna > lǣċinān > lǣcnān > lǣcnan	lǣcnan
PWGmc *kabisi	ċiefes	concubine	kabisi > ċieβisi > ċieβsi > ċiefs	ċiefs
PWGmc *fūliþu	fȳlþ	rottenness	fūliþu > fȳliþu > fȳlþu > fȳlþ
PWGmc *þaisimō	þǣsma	yeast	þaisimō > þǣsimā > þǣsmā > þǣsma
PWGmc *armiþu	iermþ	poverty, misery	armiþu > iermiþu > iermþu > iermþ
PGmc *hauhiþō	hīehþ	height	hauhiþō > hīehiþu > hīehþu > hīehþ
PWGmc *laiwazikā	lāwriċe	lark	laiwazikā > lāwæriċǣ > lāwrċǣ > lawrċe	lawrċe
PGmc *laiwizakōn-	lāwriċe	lark	laiwizakōn- > lǣirakān > lǣrakān > lǣracan	lǣracan
PWGmc *grundilā	gryndle	name of a species of fish	grundilā > gryndilǣ > gryndlǣ > gryndle
PNWGmc *māriþu	mǣrþ	fame, reputation	māriþu > mǣriþu > mǣrþu > mǣrþ
PWGmc *nāhawisti	nēawist	neighborhood	nāhawisti > nēahæisti > nēahsti > nēahst	nēahst
PWGmc *rīkisōn	ricsian	to rule, reign	rīkisōn > rīċisān > rīcsān > rīcsan	rīcsan
PWGmc *wlātiþō	wlǣtta	nausea, disgust, loathing	wlātiþō > wlǣtiþā > wlǣtþā > wlætta	wlætta
PWGmc *spinnilu	spinel	spindle	spinnilu > spinnlu > spinel
PGmc *laisizan-	*lǣssa	less	laisizan- > lǣsiran > lǣsran	lǣsran
PGmc *lehizan-	līra	fleshy part of the body, calf	lehizan- > leohiran > leohran > lēoran	lēoran
PGmc *lēkinōn-	lǣcnian	heal	lēkinōn- > lǣċinian > lǣcnian
PGmc *uwwilōn-	ūle	owl	uwwilōn- > ȳilān > ȳlān > ȳlan	ȳlan

{u|y} > ∅ if sound is non-stressed non-diphthong and syllable is open and syllable is not last and previous vowel is stressed and (previous vowel is long or previous vowel is diphthong or previous syllable is closed)

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PGmc *ahtudan-	eahtoða	eighth	ahtudan- > eahtudan > eahtdan > eahttan	eahttan
PGmc *fergunja-	firgen	mountain	fergunja- > feorguni > feorgni > feorgen	feorgen
PGmc *kelurō-	ceoler	throat	kelurō- > ċieluru > ċielru > ċieler	ċieler
PGmc *anhulō-	ōl	strap	anhulō- > ōhulu > ōhlu > ōl

Post instructions

apply sound rule 'oe-depalatalize-before-consonant' to previous sound

Referencing rules

oe-gen
oe-acc
oe-dat
oe-nom-pl
oe-gen-pl
oe-dat-pl
oe-adj-strong-nom-pl-m
oe-adj-strong-gen-sg-m
oe-adj-strong-dat-sg-m
oe-adj-strong-nom-pl-f
oe-adj-strong-inst-sg-m

Sequences

pwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-w-before-unstressed-i, next oe-i-syncope-near-l
pgmc-to-oe: previous oe-w-before-unstressed-i, next oe-i-syncope-near-l
pnwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-w-before-unstressed-i, next oe-i-syncope-near-l