Etymograph > Indo-European > Proto-Indo-European

Phoneme

Graphemes: e
Classes: close-mid front unrounded ablauting vowel
Implicit classes: vocalic V
Features -high -low -back -round +syllabic +voice

Related rules

Development: Proto-Germanic

  • pgmc-HV: h₁e > e, h₂e > a, h₃e > o
  • Development: Sanskrit

  • skt-vowels: {ē|ō|eH|oH} > ā / {C|#}_{C|#}, H{e|o}i > e / {C|#}_{C|#}, {e|o}i > e / {C|#}_{C|#}, H{e|o}u > o / {C|#}_{C|#}, {e|o}u > o / {C|#}_{C|#}, {eHi|oHi} > e / {C|#}_{C|#}, {eHu|oHu} > o / {C|#}_{C|#}, {ē|ō}i > ā / _#, H{ē|ō}i > ai, {ē|ō}i > ai, H{ē|ō}u > au, {ē|ō}u > au, {He|e|Ho|o} > a / {C|#}_{C|#}
  • Development: Ancient Greek

  • grk-laryngeal-vocalization: h₁e > e, h₂e > a, h₃e > o
  • Development: Latin

  • lat-laryngeals: H > ∅ / #_C, h₁e > e, h₂e > a, h₃e > o, Ho > o, {eh₁|ēh₂|h₂ē} > ē, {eh₃|oH} > ō, eh₂ > ā, H > a / C_C
  • lat-syllabic-sonorants: m̥ > em, n̥ > en, r̥ > or, l̥ > ol
  • lat-e-o: eu > ou, e > o / _u̯
  • lat-ei: ei̯ > ei
  • lat-word-final-i: i > e / _#
  • lat-cl-monophtongization: ou > ū, ei > e / _{V|u̯}, ei > ī