Etymograph > Indo-European > Old English > Rules > oe-palatal-diphtongization

Source: Ringe 2014:215

{æ|ǣ} > {ea|ēa} / {ċ|ġ}_ if sound is stressed

Examples

FromToGlossStepsExpected
PWGmc *gastiġiestguestgasti > ġæsti > ġeasti > ġiest
PWGmc *gafrāgīġefrǣġeknown, famousgafrāgī > ġæfrǣġī > ġeafrǣġī > ġeafreġeġeafreġe
PWGmc *kabisiċiefesconcubinekabisi > ċæβisi > ċeaβisi > ċiefsċiefs
PWGmc *katilċytelkettlekatil > ċætil > ċeatil > ċietelċietel
PWGmc *kāsīċȳsechieesekāsī > ċǣsī > ċēasī > ċīeseċīese
PWGmc *garāfijōgerefacount (the male ruler of a county)garāfijō > ġærǣfjā > ġearǣfjā > ġearefaġearefa
PGmc *gaiza-gārspear, tipgaiza- > ġǣ > ġēaġēa
PGmc *gata-ġeatholegata- > ġæt > ġeat
PGmc *kēgjō-cǣgpeg, keykēgjō- > ċǣġju > ċēaġju > ċīeġċīeġ
PGmc *kazjanċierranturn, directkazjan > ċærjan > ċearjan > ċieranċieran

e > ie / {ċ|ġ}_ if sound is non-diphthong stressed

Examples

FromToGlossStepsExpected
PGmc *gebanąġiefanto givegebaną > ġeβan > ġieβan > ġiefan
PGmc *geldanąġieldanto pay forgeldaną > ġeldan > ġieldan
PNWGmc *gebuġiefugiftgebu > ġeβu > ġieβu > ġiefu
PWGmc *geluġeoluyellowgelu > ġelu > ġieluġielu
PGmc *gellan-ġiellansound, yellgellan- > ġellan > ġiellan
PGmc *gelwazgeoloyellowgelwaz > ġelu > ġielu > ġieloġielo
PGmc *gestra-geostran-dægthe previous or next daygestra- > ġestr > ġiestr > ġiesterġiester
PGmc *kebra-ceaforbeetlekebra- > ċeβr > ċieβr > ċieferċiefer
PGmc *kelōn-ceolethroatkelōn- > ċelān > ċielān > ċielanċielan
PGmc *kelurō-ceolerthroatkelurō- > ċeluru > ċieluru > ċielerċieler
PGmc *getan-*ġietanfind (a way), to be ablegetan- > ġetan > ġietan

Notes

This sound change is specific to West Saxon dialects

Orphan Examples

FromToGlossStepsExpected
PNWGmc *skeranąsċieranto cut, to shearskeraną > sċeran > sċeransċeran

Sequences

pwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-w-after-non-initial-velars, next oe-i-umlaut
pgmc-to-oe: previous oe-w-after-non-initial-velars, next oe-i-umlaut
pnwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-w-after-non-initial-velars, next oe-i-umlaut