Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PGmc *silubrą	siolfor	silver	silubrą > silufr > siolufr > seolofor	seolofor
PWGmc *neman	niman	take	neman > niman > nioman	nioman
PGmc *neman-	niman	take	neman- > niman > nioman > neoman	neoman
PWGmc *kweman	cuman	to come	kweman > kwiman > cwioman	cwioman
PGmc *kʷeman-	cuman	come	kʷeman- > kwiman > kwioman > cweoman	cweoman
PGmc *silubra-	seolfor	silver	silubra- > silufr > siolufr > seolufor	seolufor

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PNWGmc *eburaz	eofor	wild boar	eburaz > efur > eofur > eofor
PGmc *ebura-	eofor	boar	ebura- > efur > eofur > eofor
PNWGmc *herutaz	heorot	stag	herutaz > herut > heorut > heorot
PWGmc *heru	heoru	sword	heru > heoru
PGmc *heru-	heoru	sword	heru- > heoru
PGmc *bebura-	beofor	beaver	bebura- > befur > beofur > beofor
PGmc *belunōn-	beolone	henbane	belunōn- > belunan > beolunan > beolonan	beolonan
PGmc *delō-	delu	nipple	delō- > delu > deolu	deolu
PGmc *felu-	fela	much, many	felu- > feolu > feolo	feolo
PGmc *meluka-	meolc	giving milk	meluka- > meluk > meoluk > meoloc	meoloc
PGmc *meluk-	meoloc	milk	meluk- > meoluk > meoloc
PGmc *melwa-	melo	meal, flour	melwa- > melu > meolu > meolo	meolo
PGmc *sebun-	seofon	seven	sebun- > sefun > seofun > seofon
PGmc *sebunþan-	seofoða	seventh	sebunþan- > sefunþan > seofunþan > seofonþan	seofonþan
PGmc *smerwa-	smeoru	butter, grease	smerwa- > smeru > smeoru
PGmc *speru-	spere	spear	speru- > speoru > speoro	speoro

Notes

This is the WS version of the rule. In Anglian dialects, 'i' was umlauted to 'io' before all consonants except velars, and before all consonants in Kentish (Ringe 2014:320). In non-WS dialects, back-umlaut of *e was triggered by both and u and operated across any intervening consonant, except that in Anglian dialects it was blocked by velars (Ringe 2014:325).

Sequences

pwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-intervocalic-h, next oe-epenthesis
pgmc-to-oe: previous oe-intervocalic-h, next oe-epenthesis
pnwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-intervocalic-h, next oe-epenthesis