Etymograph > Indo-European > Old English > Rules > oe-oj-i

Source: Ringe 2014:227

Ringe 2014:227: -ōj- in present stems of class II weak verbs was unrounded and shortened

Examples

FromToGlossStepsExpected
PGmc *kʷainōjan-cwānianto lamentkʷainōjan- > kwānōjan > cwānian
PGmc *liznōn-leornianto learnliznōn- > liornōjan > liornian > leornian
PGmc *algōjan-ealgianprotectalgōjan- > ealgōjan > ealgian
PGmc *bugōn-bogianbrag(?)bugōn- > bogōjan > bogian
PGmc *burkōn-borcianroarburkōn- > borkōjan > borcian
PGmc *burōjan-borianboreburōjan- > borōjan > borian
PGmc *fandōn-fandianinvestigatefandōn- > fandōjan > fandian
PGmc *fatōn-fatianfetchfatōn- > fatōjan > fatian
PGmc *flutōn-flotianfloat, streamflutōn- > flotōjan > flotian
PGmc *friōn-frīġanlovefriōn- > friōjan > friianfriian
PGmc *friōn-frēoġanlovefriōn- > friōjan > friianfriian
PGmc *fundōn-fundiantry to find(?)fundōn- > fundōjan > fundian
PGmc *gadurōjan-gædriangathergadurōjan- > gadurōjan > gadurian > gadoriangadorian
PGmc *gnuznōjan-gnornianbe sadgnuznōjan- > gnornōjan > gnornian
PGmc *graipōn-grāpiangropegraipōn- > grāpōjan > grāpian
PGmc *hnuppōn-hnoppiantear offhnuppōn- > hnoppōjan > hnoppian
PGmc *hradōn-hradianrush, tumblehradōn- > hradōjan > hradian
PGmc *huntōn-huntianchasehuntōn- > huntōjan > huntian
PGmc *huppōn-hoppianhop, jumphuppōn- > hoppōjan > hoppian
PGmc *kalzōjan-ċealliancall, shoutkalzōjan- > ċealrōjan > ċealrianċealrian
PGmc *kapōn-capianstarekapōn- > kapōjan > capian
PGmc *kippōn-ċippianchop(?)kippōn- > ċippōjan > ċippian
PGmc *kitōn-citelianticklekitōn- > ċitōjan > ċitianċitian
PGmc *krammōn-crammiansqueezekrammōn- > krammōjan > crammian
PGmc *lappōn-lapianlick up, laplappōn- > lappōjan > lappianlappian
PGmc *laþōjan-laðianinvitelaþōjan- > laþōjan > laðian
PGmc *lēkinōn-lǣcnianheallēkinōn- > lǣċinōjan > lǣċinian > lǣcnian
PGmc *likkōn-liccianlicklikkōn- > likkōjan > liccian
PGmc *metōjan-metianevaluatemetōjan- > metian
PGmc *prikōn-pricianprickprikōn- > prikōjan > prician
PGmc *putōn-potianpoke, prodputōn- > potōjan > potian
PGmc *rukkōn-roccianmove to and fro, to rockrukkōn- > rokkōjan > roccian
PGmc *sikkōn-siceriantricklesikkōn- > sikkōjan > sicciansiccian
PGmc *smukōn-smociansmokesmukōn- > smokōjan > smocian
PGmc *stikōn-sticianstickstikōn- > stikōjan > stician
PGmc *sukkōn-socianto sucksukkōn- > sokkōjan > socciansoccian
PGmc *suppōn-soppiansoaksuppōn- > soppōjan > soppian
PGmc *swippōn-swipiansway, swerveswippōn- > swippōjan > swippianswippian
PGmc *þukōn-þocerianshoveþukōn- > þokōjan > þocianþocian
PGmc *wikkōn-wiccianpractice sorcerywikkōn- > wikkōjan > wiccian
PGmc *wlaitōn-wlātianlookwlaitōn- > wlātōjan > wlātian
PGmc *wagōn-wagianmove, shakewagōn- > wagōjan > wagian
PGmc *tugōn-togianpull, jerktugōn- > togōjan > togian
PGmc *þrabōn-þrafiantrotþrabōn- > þraβōjan > þraβian > þrafian
PGmc *hragōn-*hraganjut outhragōn- > hragōjan > hragianhragian
PGmc *lukkōn-*loccianenticelukkōn- > lokkōjan > loccian
PGmc *wallōn-weallianrollwallōn- > weallōjan > weallian
PGmc *gabōn-gabbianjokegabōn- > gaβōjan > gaβian > gafiangafian
PGmc *þudōn-þodettanbumpþudōn- > þodōjan > þodianþodian
PGmc *smittōn-smittianstrike; to smudgesmittōn- > smittōjan > smittian
PGmc *plukkōn-ploccianpluckplukkōn- > plokkōjan > ploccian
PGmc *strukkōn-stroccianstrokestrukkōn- > strokkōjan > stroccian

Sequences

pwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-diphthong-i-umlaut, next oe-w-before-unstressed-i
pgmc-to-oe: previous oe-diphthong-i-umlaut, next oe-w-before-unstressed-i
pnwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-diphthong-i-umlaut, next oe-w-before-unstressed-i