From | To | Gloss | Steps | Expected |
---|---|---|---|---|
PGmc *kalbiz- | ċealf | calf | kalbiz- > ċealβi > ċielβi > ċielf | ċielf |
PWGmc *kaldī | ċieldu | coldness | kaldī > ċealdī > ċieldī > ċielde | ċielde |
PGmc *gaumijaną | ġīeman | to observe | gaumijaną > ġēamjan > ġīemjan > ġīeman | |
PWGmc *skaunī | sċīene | beautiful | skaunī > sċēanī > sċīenī > sċīene | |
PWGmc *mirkwī | mirce | dark | mirkwī > miorkī > mierkī > mierce | mierce |
PWGmc *gasti | ġiest | guest | gasti > ġeasti > ġiesti > ġiest | |
PWGmc *hirdī | hierde | herdsman | hirdī > hiordī > hierdī > hierde | |
PWGmc *arbī | ierfe | inheritance | arbī > earβī > ierβī > ierfe | |
PGmc *arbja- | ierfe | inheritance | arbja- > earβi > ierβi > ierf | ierf |
PWGmc *skappjan | sċieppan | to make, to create | skappjan > sċeappjan > sċieppjan > sċieppan | |
PWGmc *hlahhjan | hliehhan | to laugh | hlahhjan > hleahhjan > hliehhjan > hliehhan | |
PWGmc *awwju | īeġ | island | awwju > ēaju > īeju > īeġ | |
PWGmc *hauzijan | hīeran | to hear | hauzijan > hēarjan > hīerjan > hīeran | |
PGmc *hauzjan- | hīeran | to hear | hauzjan- > hēarjan > hīerjan > hīeran | |
PWGmc *garwijan | ġierwan | to prepare | garwijan > ġearwjan > ġierwjan > ġierwan | |
PGmc *garwjan- | ġierwan | prepare, make ready | garwjan- > ġearwjan > ġierwjan > ġierwan | |
PGmc *balgiz | bielġ | leather bag | balgiz > bealġi > bielġi > bielġ | |
PNWGmc *raukijaną | rīeċan | to cause smoke, to smoke (meat etc.) | raukijaną > rēaċjan > rīeċjan > rīeċan | |
PNWGmc *laugiz | līeġ | flame | laugiz > lēaġi > līeġi > līeġ | |
PNWGmc *baugijaną | bīeġan | to bend | baugijaną > bēaġjan > bīeġjan > bīeġan | |
PGmc *baugjan- | bīeġan | (make) bend | baugjan- > bēaġjan > bīeġjan > bīeġan | |
PWGmc *kabisi | ċiefes | concubine | kabisi > ċeaβisi > ċieβisi > ċiefs | ċiefs |
PGmc *warmijaną | wierman | to warm | warmijaną > wearmjan > wiermjan > wierman | |
PGmc *wargijaną | wierġan | to condemn | wargijaną > wearġjan > wierġjan > wierġan | |
PNWGmc *fardiz | fierd | journey | fardiz > feardi > fierdi > fierd | |
PNWGmc *hʷarbijaną | hwierfan | to turn, to change | hʷarbijaną > hwearβjan > hwierβjan > hwierfan | |
PGmc *hʷarbjan- | hwierfan | make turn | hʷarbjan- > hwearβjan > hwierβjan > hwierfan | |
PNWGmc *bargijaną | bierġan | to taste | bargijaną > bearġjan > bierġjan > bierġan | |
PWGmc *harstijan | hierstan | to roast | harstijan > hearstjan > hierstjan > hierstan | |
PWGmc *armiþu | iermþ | poverty, misery | armiþu > earmiþu > iermiþu > iermþ | |
PWGmc *skarpijan | sċierpan | to sharpen | skarpijan > sċearpjan > sċierpjan > sċierpan | |
PWGmc *warnijan | wiernan | to refuse, to deny | warnijan > wearnjan > wiernjan > wiernan | |
PWGmc *darnī | dierne | secret | darnī > dearnī > diernī > dierne | |
PWGmc *gazdi | ġierd | rod | gazdi > ġeardi > ġierdi > ġierd | |
PGmc *hardijaną | hierdan | to harden | hardijaną > heardjan > hierdjan > hierdan | |
PNWGmc *gamarkiją | ġemierċe | mark | gamarkiją > gamearċī > gamierċī > gamierċe | gamierċe |
PNWGmc *marhi | mīere | mare | marhi > mearhi > mierhi > mierh | mierh |
PNWGmc *halþijaną | hieldan | to tilt, to incline | halþijaną > healdjan > hieldjan > hieldan | |
PNWGmc *albiz | ielfe | elf | albiz > ealβi > ielβi > ielf | ielf |
PNWGmc *aldijaną | ieldan | to make old | aldijaną > ealdjan > ieldjan > ieldan | |
PWGmc *katil | ċytel | kettle | katil > ċeatil > ċietil > ċietel | ċietel |
PGmc *hauhiþō | hīehþ | height | hauhiþō > hēahiþu > hīehiþu > hīehþ | |
PGmc *galaubijaną | ġelīefan | to believe | galaubijaną > ġælēaβjan > ġælīeβjan > ġælīefan | ġælīefan |
PGmc *lausijaną | līesan | to release, to set free | lausijaną > lēasjan > līesjan > līesan | |
PGmc *hlautiz | hlīet | lot | hlautiz > hlēati > hlīeti > hlīet | |
PWGmc *auþī | īeþe | easy | auþī > ēaþī > īeþī > īeþe | |
PWGmc *kāsī | ċȳse | chieese | kāsī > ċēasī > ċīesī > ċīese | ċīese |
PWGmc *kawwjan | ċīeġan | to call | kawwjan > ċēajan > ċīejan > ċīeġan | |
PGmc *kaujan- | ċīeġan | call, shout | kaujan- > ċēajan > ċīejan > ċīeġan | |
PGmc *girnijaną | ġiernan | to be eager for, to desire | girnijaną > ġiornjan > ġiernjan > ġiernan | |
PGmc *firriz | fierr | further | firriz > fiorri > fierri > fierr | |
PNWGmc *smirwijaną | smierwan | to smear, to anoint | smirwijaną > smiorwjan > smierwjan > smierwan | |
PWGmc *hirtijan | hiertan | to put heart in (someone) | hirtijan > hiortjan > hiertjan > hiertan | |
PGmc *siuniz | sīen | sight | siuniz > sīoni > sīeni > sīen | |
PGmc *liuhtijaną | līehtan | to shine | liuhtijaną > līohtjan > līehtjan > līehtan | |
PNWGmc *diurijaz | dīere | valuable | diurijaz > dīorī > dīerī > dīere | |
PNWGmc *stiurijaną | stīeran | to steer, to direct | stiurijaną > stīorjan > stīerjan > stīeran | |
PWGmc *niudi | nīed | desire, eagerness | niudi > nīodi > nīedi > nīed | |
PWGmc *kliuwīn | clīewen | little ball | kliuwīn > klīowī > klīewī > clīee | clīee |
PWGmc *striunijan | strīenan | to acquire, to gain | striunijan > strīonjan > strīenjan > strīenan | |
PWGmc *stahlī | stīele | steel weapon | stahlī > steahlī > stiehlī > stīele | |
PWGmc *irzī | ierre | mistaken, wrong | irzī > iorrī > ierrī > ierre | |
PGmc *alamahtīgaz | ælmihtiġ | almighty | alamahtīgaz > alumeahtīġ > alumiehtīġ > alomiehtiġ | alomiehtiġ |
PWGmc *weraldi | weorold | world | weraldi > werealdi > werieldi > wereeld | wereeld |
PWGmc *hard(ī) | heard | hard | hard(ī) > heard(ī) > hierd(ī) > hierd(e) | hierd(e) |
PGmc *ahiz- | ēar | ear | ahiz- > eahi > iehi > īe | īe |
PGmc *arbjan- | ierfe | heir | arbjan- > earβjan > ierβjan > ierfan | ierfan |
PGmc *balgiz | belig | leather bag | balgiz > bealġi > bielġi > bieli | bieli |
PGmc *baltja- | belt | belt | baltja- > bealti > bielti > bielt | bielt |
PGmc *daujan- | dīeġan | die | daujan- > dēajan > dīejan > dīeġan | |
PGmc *draugja- | drȳge | dry | draugja- > drēaġi > drīeġi > drīeġ | drīeġ |
PGmc *draupjan- | drīepan | make drip | draupjan- > drēapjan > drīepjan > drīepan | |
PGmc *fahti- | feht | fleece | fahti- > feahti > fiehti > fieht | fieht |
PGmc *flauti- | flīte | cream | flauti- > flēati > flīeti > flīet | flīet |
PGmc *frauja- | frēa | lord | frauja- > frēaj > frīej > frīeġ | frīeġ |
PGmc *gauja- | -gē | district, region | gauja- > ġēaj > ġīej > ġīeġ | ġīeġ |
PGmc *harbista- | hærfest | autumn, fall | harbista- > hearβist > hierβist > hierfest | hierfest |
PGmc *hauja- | hīeġ | hay | hauja- > hēaj > hīej > hīeġ | |
PGmc *haujan- | hēgan | see to(?) | haujan- > hēajan > hīejan > hīeġan | hīeġan |
PGmc *kēgjō- | cǣg | peg, key | kēgjō- > ċēaġju > ċīeġju > ċīeġ | ċīeġ |
PGmc *laugnjan- | līegnian | keep hidden, deny | laugnjan- > lēagnjan > līegnjan > līegnan | līegnan |
PGmc *mahti- | meaht | strength | mahti- > meahti > miehti > mieht | mieht |
PGmc *maldjō- | melde | saltbush, orache | maldjō- > mealdju > mieldju > mield | mield |
PGmc *maltjan- | mieltan | make dissolve | maltjan- > mealtjan > mieltjan > mieltan | |
PGmc *nauþi- | nīed | compulsion, distress | nauþi- > nēaþi > nīeþi > nīeþ | nīeþ |
PWGmc *niuhsijan | nēosan | to spy | niuhsijan > nīosjan > nīesjan > nīesan | nīesan |
PGmc *rauki- | rēc | smoke | rauki- > rēaċi > rīeċi > rīeċ | rīeċ |
PGmc *raupjan- | rīepan | tear (off) | raupjan- > rēapjan > rīepjan > rīepan | |
PGmc *siujan- | seowian | sew | siujan- > sīojan > sīejan > sīeġan | sīeġan |
PGmc *skaþjan- | sċeþþan | harm, do wrong | skaþjan- > sċeaþþjan > sċieþþjan > sċieþþan | sċieþþan |
PGmc *smahrja- | smǣras | lip | smahrja- > smeahri > smiehri > smīer | smīer |
PGmc *straujan- | strēowian | strew | straujan- > strēajan > strīejan > strīeġan | strīeġan |
PGmc *targjan- | tierġan | vex | targjan- > tearġjan > tierġjan > tierġan | |
PGmc *taujan- | tawian | do, make | taujan- > tēajan > tīejan > tīeġan | tīeġan |
PGmc *walwjan- | wielwan | roll | walwjan- > wealwjan > wielwjan > wielwan | |
PGmc *daugjan- | *dīeġan | endure | daugjan- > dēaġjan > dīeġjan > dīeġan | |
PGmc *wardjan- | *wierdan | cause to degenerate | wardjan- > weardjan > wierdjan > wierdan | |
PGmc *balgjan- | belgan | make swell, make angry | balgjan- > bealġjan > bielġjan > bielian | bielian |
PGmc *straupjan- | *strīepan | strip | straupjan- > strēapjan > strīepjan > strīepan | |
PGmc *raubjan- | *rīefan | break (off), tear off, rob | raubjan- > rēaβjan > rīeβjan > rīefan | |
PGmc *slaupjan- | slīepan | roll up | slaupjan- > slēapjan > slīepjan > slīepan | |
PGmc *kazjan | ċierran | turn, direct | kazjan > ċearjan > ċierjan > ċieran | ċieran |
This is the West Saxon version of the rule.