Etymograph > Indo-European > Old English > Rules > oe-ae-raising

Source: Ringe 2013:229

æ > e / _[nasal,-syllabic]

Examples

FromToGlossStepsExpected
PNWGmc *langizôlengralongerlangizô > lænġirā > lenġirā > lengra
PWGmc *andīendeendandī > ændī > endī > ende
PWGmc *þannjanþennanto extendþannjan > þænnjan > þennjan > þennan
PWGmc *frammjanfremmanto furtherframmjan > fræmmjan > fremmjan > fremman
PWGmc *kampijōcempawarriorkampijō > kæmpjā > kempjā > cempa
PGmc *drankijanądrenċanto give to drinkdrankijaną > drænċjan > drenċjan > drenċan
PGmc *drankjan-drenċanto give to drinkdrankjan- > drænċjan > drenċjan > drenċan
PNWGmc *bankizbenċbenchbankiz > bænċi > benċi > benċ
PGmc *banki-benċbenchbanki- > bænċi > benċi > benċ
PNWGmc *fangizfenġgrasp, bootyfangiz > fænġi > fenġi > fenġ
PGmc *fangi-fenġcatchfangi- > fænġi > fenġi > fenġ
PNWGmc *strangizstrenġstringstrangiz > strænġi > strenġi > strenġ
PGmc *strangi-strenġstring, cord, ropestrangi- > strænġi > strenġi > strenġ
PWGmc *gangīgenġepassablegangī > gænġī > genġī > genġe
PGmc *gangi-genġepassablegangi- > gænġi > genġi > genġgenġ
PNWGmc *þangilazþenġelprinceþangilaz > þænġil > þenġil > þenġel
PWGmc *hangisthenġeststallionhangist > hænġist > henġist > henġest
PGmc *hangista-henġesthorse; stallion(?); gelding(?)hangista- > hænġist > henġist > henġest
PWGmc *angilenġelangelangil > ænġil > enġil > enġel
PGmc *sandijanąsendanto sendsandijaną > sændjan > sendjan > sendan
PGmc *sandjan-sendanto sendsandjan- > sændjan > sendjan > sendan
PGmc *banjōbennwoundbanjō > bænnju > bennju > benn
PNWGmc *kanipazcenepmoustachekanipaz > kænip > kenip > cenep
PWGmc *hamiþīhemeþeshirthamiþī > hæmiþī > hemiþī > hemiþehemiþe
PNWGmc *bandibendfetterbandi > bændi > bendi > bend
PGmc *hanipa-henephemphanipa- > hænip > henip > henep
PGmc *andizendearlier, ratherandiz > ændi > endi > end
PGmc *bandjan-bendanbend (a bow)bandjan- > bændjan > bendjan > bendan
PGmc *banjōbenuwoundbanjō > bænnju > bennju > bennbenn
PGmc *dangjan-denċġanbeatdangjan- > dænġjan > denġjan > denġandenġan
PGmc *fanja-fenfen, swampfanja- > fæni > feni > fenefene
PGmc *gramjan-gremianprovoke, angergramjan- > græmmjan > gremmjan > gremmangremman
PGmc *hangjan-henġanto (make) hanghangjan- > hænġjan > henġjan > henġan
PGmc *kambjan-cembancombkambjan- > kæmbjan > kembjan > cemban
PGmc *kanjan-cennanbring forthkanjan- > kænnjan > kennjan > cennan
PGmc *kannjan-cennanmake knownkannjan- > kænnjan > kennjan > cennan
PGmc *klammjan-clemmanclamp; to jamklammjan- > klæmmjan > klemmjan > clemman
PGmc *lambiz-lamblamblambiz- > læmbi > lembi > lemblemb
PGmc *lamjan-lemianbeat (up), cripplelamjan- > læmmjan > lemmjan > lemmanlemman
PGmc *landjō-lendenulower part of the back, kidney, loinlandjō- > lændju > lendju > lendlend
PGmc *mangjan-menġanmixmangjan- > mænġjan > menġjan > menġan
PGmc *manja-menenecklacemanja- > mæni > meni > mene
PGmc *manniska-mennischumanmanniska- > mænnisk > mennisk > mennescmennesc
PGmc *sankʷjan-sencancause to sinksankʷjan- > sænkjan > senkjan > sencan
PGmc *sprangjan-sprenġanmake jump, to make burstsprangjan- > sprænġjan > sprenġjan > sprenġan
PGmc *þankjan-þenċanthinkþankjan- > þænċjan > þenċjan > þenċan
PGmc *þwangi-þwanglatchetþwangi- > þwænġi > þwenġi > þwenġþwenġ
PGmc *wandjan-wendancause to turnwandjan- > wændjan > wendjan > wendan
PGmc *wrankjan-wrenċantwist, wringwrankjan- > wrænċjan > wrenċjan > wrenċan
PGmc *hlankjan-*hlenċantwist, turnhlankjan- > hlænċjan > hlenċjan > hlenċan
PGmc *swammjan-*swemmanmake swimswammjan- > swæmmjan > swemmjan > swemman
PGmc *tandjan-*tendankindletandjan- > tændjan > tendjan > tendan
PGmc *skrankʷjan-*sċrencanmake fall(?)skrankʷjan- > sċrænkjan > sċrenkjan > sċrencan
PGmc *tangja-*tenġeapproximatetangja- > tænġi > tenġi > tenġtenġ
PGmc *klangjan-clenganmake stickklangjan- > klænġjan > klenġjan > clenġanclenġan

Sequences

pwgmc-to-oe: previous north-pwgmc-denasalization, next oe-diphthong-i-umlaut
pgmc-to-oe: previous north-pwgmc-denasalization, next oe-diphthong-i-umlaut
pnwgmc-to-oe: previous north-pwgmc-denasalization, next oe-diphthong-i-umlaut