Etymograph > Indo-European > Proto-West Germanic > Rules > pwgmc-final-a

From Proto-Germanic to Proto-West Germanic

Source: Ringe 2014:44, Hogg 2011:3.28

Examples

FromToGlossStepsExpected
PNWGmc *dagumazOE dagumday.dat.pldagumaz > daguma > dagum > dagum
PGmc *kuningaz*kuningheadmankuningaz > kuninga > kuning
PGmc *harjaz*hariarmyharjaz > harja > harj > hari
PGmc *balwą*baluharm, evilbalwą > balw > balu
PGmc *andijaz*andīendandijaz > andija > andij > andī
PGmc *sitjaną*sittjansitsitjaną > sitjan > sittjan
PGmc *þewaz*þeuslaveþewaz > þewa > þewþew
PGmc *hurną*hornhornhurną > horną > horn
PGmc *ajją*aijeggajją > ajj > aij
PGmc *hawwaną*hauwanchophawwaną > hawwan > hauwan
PGmc *hanhaną*hanhanhanghanhaną > hanhan
PGmc *haftaz*haftboundhaftaz > hafta > haft
PGmc *wilþijaz*wilþīwildwilþijaz > wilþija > wilþij > wilþī
PGmc *dōmijaną*dōmijanto judgedōmijaną > dōmijan
PGmc *niuhsijaną*niuhsijanspyniuhsijaną > niuhsijan
PGmc *hlaibaz*hlaibbreadhlaibaz > hlaiβa > hlaib
PGmc *haimaz*haimnative placehaimaz > haima > haim
PGmc *haima-OE hāmnative placehaima- > haim > hām
PGmc *stainaz*stainstonestainaz > staina > stain
PGmc *raudaz*raudredraudaz > rauda > raud
PGmc *deupaz*deupdeepdeupaz > deupa > deup
PGmc *armaz*armarmarmaz > arma > arm
PGmc *swartaz*swartblackswartaz > swarta > swart
PGmc *werþaną*werþanto becomewerþaną > werþan
PGmc *halmaz*halmstrawhalmaz > halma > halm
PGmc *halma-OE healmstrawhalma- > halm > healm
PGmc *halsaz*halsneckhalsaz > halsa > hals
PGmc *gelwaz*geluyellowgelwaz > gelwa > gelw > gelu
PGmc *arundja-OE ǣrendeerrandarundja- > arundj > arondarond
PGmc *gīslazOE ġīslhostagegīslaz > gīsla > gīsl > ġīsl
PGmc *skipąOE sċipshipskipą > skip > sċip
PGmc *skipa-OE sċipshipskipa- > skip > sċip
PGmc *skīnanąOE sċīnanshineskīnaną > skīnan > sċīnan
PGmc *kalbaz*kalbcalfkalbaz > kalβa > kalb
PGmc *kaldazOE ċealdcoldkaldaz > kalda > kald > ċeald
PGmc *gardazOE ġeardenclosuregardaz > garda > gard > ġeard
PGmc *garda-OE ġeardenclosuregarda- > gard > ġeard
PNWGmc *garnąOE ġearnyarngarną > garn > ġearn
PNWGmc *galdrazOE ġealdorincantationgaldraz > galdra > galdr > ġealdor
PNWGmc *skardazOE sċearddamaged, notchedskardaz > skarda > skard > sċeard
PNWGmc *skarpaz*skarproughskarpaz > skarpa > skarp
PGmc *skarpa-OE sċearpsharpskarpa- > skarp > sċearp
PGmc *gernazOE ġeorndesirous, eagergernaz > gerna > gern > ġeorn
PGmc *skelha-OE sċeolhwry, obliqueskelha- > skelh > sċeolh
PGmc *keusaną*keusanto testkeusaną > keusan
PGmc *geutaną*geutanto pourgeutaną > geutan
PGmc *gaumijanąOE ġīemanto observegaumijaną > gaumijan > ġīeman
PNWGmc *skeutanąOE sċēotanto shootskeutaną > skeutan > sċēotan
PNWGmc *gaukazOE ġēaccuckoogaukaz > gauka > gauk > ġēac
PGmc *gauka-OE ġēaccuckoogauka- > gauk > ġēac
PNWGmc *skaubąOE sċēafsheafskaubą > skauβ > sċēaf
PNWGmc *keulazOE ċēolkeel, shipkeulaz > keula > keul > ċēol
PGmc *skūra-OE sċūrshort shower (of rain/hail)skūra- > skūr > sċūr
PGmc *lēkja-OE lǣċedoctor; leechlēkja- > lākja > lākj > lǣċlǣċ
PGmc *rīkiją*rīkīkingdomrīkiją > rīkij > rīkī
PGmc *mikilazOE miċelbigmikilaz > mikila > mikil > miċel
PGmc *mekila-OE miċelbigmekila- > mekil > meċelmeċel
PGmc *dagazOE dæġdaydagaz > daga > dag > dæġ
PGmc *sehʷaną*sehwanto seesehʷaną > sehʷan > sehwan
PGmc *sinɡʷaną*singwanto singsinɡʷaną > sinɡʷan > singwan
PGmc *gebanąOE ġiefanto givegebaną > geβan > ġiefan
PGmc *geldanąOE ġieldanto pay forgeldaną > geldan > ġieldan
PGmc *skattazOE sċeattcoin, moneyskattaz > skatta > skatt > sċeatt
PGmc *hungrijanąOE hyngranto be hungryhungrijaną > hungrijan > hyngran
PNWGmc *kussijanąOE cyssanto kisskussijaną > kussijan > cyssan
PGmc *silubrąOE siolforsilversilubrą > siluβr > seoloforseolofor
PNWGmc *eburazOE eoforwild boareburaz > eβura > eβur > eofor
PGmc *ebura-OE eoforboarebura- > eβur > eofor
PGmc *akraz*akrfieldakraz > akra > akr
PGmc *murþrą*morþrmurdermurþrą > morþrą > morþr
PNWGmc *lātanąOE lǣtanto let go, to allowlātaną > lātan > lǣtan
PNWGmc *grādagazOE grǣdiġhungry, greedygrādagaz > grādaga > grādag > grǣdiġ
PNWGmc *māgazOE mǣġkinsmanmāgaz > māga > māg > mǣġ
PGmc *mēga-OE mǣġkinsmanmēga- > māga > māg > mǣġ
PNWGmc *māląOE mǣl(a) timemālą > māl > mǣl
PNWGmc *jārąOE ġēaryearjārą > jār > ġǣrġǣr
PNWGmc *swārazOE swǣrheavyswāraz > swāra > swār > swǣr
PNWGmc *fātijanaOE fǣtanto adornfātijana > fātijan > fǣtan
PNWGmc *lākinônaOE lācnianto heallākinôna > lākinôn > lǣcnanlǣcnan
PNWGmc *mārijazOE mǣrefamousmārijaz > mārija > mārij > mǣre
PGmc *utrazOE otorotterutraz > otra > otr > otor
PGmc *huzdąOE hordtreasurehuzdą > hozdą > hozd > hord
PGmc *huzda-OE hordtreasurehuzda- > hozda > hozd > hord
PGmc *yukąOE ġeocyokeyuką > yoką > yocyoc
PGmc *juka-OE ġeocyokejuka- > joka > jok > ġocġoc
PGmc *hulazOE holhollowhulaz > hola > hol
PGmc *wurdąOE wordwordwurdą > wordą > word
PGmc *wurda-OE wordwordwurda- > worda > word
PNWGmc *upanazOE openopenupanaz > opana > opanopan
PNWGmc *bruþąOE broþbrothbruþą > broþą > broþ
PNWGmc *hrussąOE horshorsehrussą > hrossą > hross > hors
PGmc *hursa-OE horshorsehursa- > horsa > hors
PNWGmc *hulmazOE holmislandhulmaz > holma > holm
PNWGmc *fulkąOE folctroop, tribefulką > folką > folc
PGmc *hundazOE hunddoghundaz > hunda > hund
PGmc *hunda-OE hunddoghunda- > hund
PGmc *pundąOE pundpoundpundą > pund
PGmc *munþazOE mūþmouthmunþaz > munþa > munþ > mūþ
PGmc *hunsląOE hūslsacrificehunslą > hunsl > hūsl
PGmc *jungazOE iungyoungjungaz > junga > jung > ġungġung
PGmc *dumbazOE dumbmute, dumbdumbaz > dumba > dumb
PNWGmc *kumląOE cumbolsignkumlą > kuml > cumolcumol
PGmc *ubilazOE yfelevil, badubilaz > uβila > uβil > yfel
PGmc *hugjanąOE hyċġanto thinkhugjaną > hugjan > hyċġan
PGmc *wurkijanąOE wyrċanto work, to makewurkijaną > wurkijan > wyrċan
PGmc *fullijanąOE fyllanto fillfullijaną > fullijan > fyllan
PGmc *kunjąOE cynnlineagekunją > kunj > cynecyne
PGmc *kunja-OE cynnlineagekunja- > kunj > cynecyne
PGmc *gulþīnazOE gyldengoldengulþīnaz > gulþīna > gulþīn > gylden
PGmc *þunkijanąOE þynċanto seemþunkijaną > þunkijan > þynċan
PGmc *sumarazOE sumersummersumaraz > sumara > sumar > sumer
PNWGmc *hunagąOE huniġhoneyhunagą > hunag > huniġ
PGmc *hunanga-OE huniġhoneyhunanga- > hunanghunang
PGmc *sarwą*sarudevice, tool, weaponsarwą > sarw > saru
PGmc *sarwa-OE searudevice, tool, weaponsarwa- > sarw > sarusaru
PNWGmc *haswaz*hasugrayhaswaz > haswa > hasw > hasu
PGmc *hirdijaz*hirdīherdsmanhirdijaz > hirdija > hirdij > hirdī
PGmc *arbiją*arbīinheritancearbiją > arβij > arbī
PGmc *arbja-OE ierfeinheritancearbja- > arβj > ierfierf
PGmc *irzijaz*irzīmistaken, wrongirzijaz > irzija > irzij > irzī
PNWGmc *wītiją*wītīpunishmentwītiją > wītij > wītī
PGmc *hʷītaz*hwītwhitehʷītaz > hʷīta > hʷīt > hwīt
PGmc *hʷerbaną*hwerbanto turnhʷerbaną > hʷerβan > hwerban
PGmc *hʷaitijaz*hwaitīwheathʷaitijaz > hʷaitija > hʷaitij > hwaitī
PGmc *hʷaitja-OE hwǣtewheathʷaitja- > hʷaitj > hwāthwāt
PGmc *hʷarbôną*hwarbōnto wander aroundhʷarbôną > hʷarβôn > hwarbōn
PGmc *hʷalaz*hwalwhalehʷalaz > hʷala > hʷal > hwal
PGmc *kʷainôną*kwainōnto lamentkʷainôną > kʷainôn > kwainōn
PGmc *skapjaną*skappjanto make, to createskapjaną > skapjan > skappjan
PGmc *habjaną*habbjanto lifthabjaną > haβjan > habbjan
PGmc *satjaną*sattjanto seat, to setsatjaną > satjan > sattjan
PGmc *bidjaną*biddjanto ask forbidjaną > bidjan > biddjan
PGmc *midjaz*midimiddlemidjaz > midja > midj > midi
PGmc *hrisjaną*hrissjanto shakehrisjaną > hrisjan > hrissjan
PGmc *wakjaną*wakkjanto wakenwakjaną > wakjan > wakkjan
PGmc *ligjaną*liggjanto lieligjaną > ligjan > liggjan
PGmc *lagjaną*laggjanto laylagjaną > lagjan > laggjan
PGmc *bugjaną*buggjanto buybugjaną > bugjan > buggjan
PGmc *hlahjaną*hlahhjanto laughhlahjaną > hlahjan > hlahhjan
PGmc *þanjaną*þannjanto extendþanjaną > þanjan > þannjan
PGmc *aljaną*alljanzealaljaną > aljan > alljan
PGmc *aljana-OE ellenzealaljana- > aljan > ellanellan
PGmc *wiljaną*willjanto wantwiljaną > wiljan > willjan
PNWGmc *framjaną*frammjanto furtherframjaną > framjan > frammjan
PGmc *glawwa-OE glēawexactglawwa- > glaww > glēaw
PGmc *hauzijaną*hauzijanto hearhauzijaną > hauzijan
PGmc *laizijaną*laizijanto teachlaizijaną > laizijan
PGmc *hazjaną*hazjanto praisehazjaną > hazjan
PGmc *wazjaną*wazjanto clothewazjaną > wazjan
PGmc *marzijaną*marzijanto disturb, to hinder, to impedemarzijaną > marzijan
PGmc *liznôną*liznōnto learnliznôną > liznôn > liznōn
PGmc *anþerazOE ōþerotheranþeraz > anþara > anþar > ōþer
PGmc *anþara-OE ōþerotheranþara- > anþar > ōþer
PGmc *nanþijanąOE nēþanto be boldnanþijaną > nanþijan > nēþan
PGmc *swinþazOE swīþstrongswinþaz > swinþa > swinþ > swīþ
PGmc *sinþazOE sīþgoing, journeysinþaz > sinþa > sinþ > sīþ
PGmc *kunþijanąOE cȳþanto make knownkunþijaną > kunþijan > cȳþan
PNWGmc *minþląOE mīþlminþlą > minþl > mīþl
PGmc *minþla-OE mīþlbit of a bridleminþla- > minþl > mīþl
PNWGmc *stinþazOE stīþstiffstinþaz > stinþa > stinþ > stīþ
PGmc *linþa-OE līþeflexible, softlinþa- > linþ > līþlīþ
PGmc *funsazOE fūsready, eagerfunsaz > funsa > funs > fūs
PNWGmc *wānijanąOE wēnanto expect, to hopewānijaną > wānijan > wēnan
PNWGmc *glāmazOE glōmfaint lightglāmaz > glāma > glām > glōm
PGmc *hlaibazOE hlāfbreadhlaibaz > hlaiβa > hlaiβ > hlāf
PGmc *aiþazOE āþoathaiþaz > aiþa > aiþ > āþ
PGmc *hailazOE hālunhurt, healthyhailaz > haila > hail > hāl
PGmc *haila-OE hālunhurt, healthyhaila- > hail > hāl
PGmc *sairąOE sārpain, woundsairą > sair > sār
PGmc *snaiwazOE snāwsnowsnaiwaz > snaiwa > snaiw > snāw
PGmc *gaista-OE gāstspirit, ghostgaista- > gaist > gāst
PGmc *hafraz*hafrhe-goathafraz > hafra > hafr
PGmc *hafra-OE hæferhe-goathafra- > hafr > hæfer
PGmc *paþaz*paþpathpaþaz > paþa > paþ
PGmc *fastaz*fastfixed, firmfastaz > fasta > fast
PGmc *þaką*þakroofþaką > þak
PGmc *þaka-OE þæcroofþaka- > þak > þæc
PGmc *naglaz*naglnailnaglaz > nagla > nagl
PGmc *waraz*waraware, alertwaraz > wara > war
PGmc *smalaz*smalsmallsmalaz > smala > smal
PNWGmc *fatą*fatcontainerfatą > fat
PNWGmc *awalaz*awalhook, forkawalaz > awala > awal
PNWGmc *wāpną*wāpnweaponwāpną > wāpn
PGmc *fata-OE fætvat, vesselfata- > fat > fæt
PGmc *lēwijaną*lāwijanto betraylēwijaną > lāwijaną > lāwijan
PGmc *bindaną*bindanbindbindaną > bindan
PGmc *falþaną*falþanto roll up, to foldfalþaną > falþan
PGmc *balþaz*balþbold, bravebalþaz > balþa > balþ
PGmc *wulþraz*wulþrworthwulþraz > wolþra > wolþrwolþr
PNWGmc *garwijaną*garwijanto preparegarwijaną > garwijan
PGmc *sōkijaną*sōkijanto look for, to seeksōkijaną > sōkijan
PGmc *hlaupanąOE hlēapanto run, to jumphlaupaną > hlaupan > hlēapan
PGmc *laubazOE lēafleaflaubaz > lauβa > lauβ > lēaf
PGmc *straumazOE strēamstreamstraumaz > strauma > straum > strēam
PGmc *daudazOE dēaddeaddaudaz > dauda > daud > dēad
PGmc *lausazOE lēasfree (from)lausaz > lausa > laus > lēas
PGmc *lausa-OE lēasfree (from)lausa- > laus > lēas
PGmc *hauhazOE hēahhighhauhaz > hauha > hauh > hēah
PNWGmc *aurazOE ēarearthauraz > aura > aur > ēar
PNWGmc *nautąOE nēatbovine, oxnautą > naut > nēat
PGmc *nauta-OE nēatcattlenauta- > naut > nēat
PGmc *freusanąOE frēosanto freezefreusaną > freusan > frēosan
PGmc *seukazOE sēocsickseukaz > seuka > seuk > sēoc
PGmc *fleuganąOE flēoganto flyfleuganą > fleugan > flēogan
PGmc *teuhanąOE tēonto pullteuhaną > teuhan > tēon
PNWGmc *breustąOE brēostbreastbreustą > breust > brēost
PGmc *breusta-OE brēostbreast, chestbreusta- > breust > brēost
PGmc *beura-OE bēorbeerbeura- > beur > bēor
PGmc *trewąOE trēotree, woodtrewą > trew > treowtreow
PGmc *trewa-OE trēotree, woodtrewa- > trew > treowtreow
PNWGmc *wahsanąOE weaxanto growwahsaną > wahsan > weaxan
PNWGmc *hlahtraz*hlahtrlaughterhlahtraz > hlahtra > hlahtr
PGmc *hlahtra-OE hleahtorlaughterhlahtra- > hlahtr > hleahtor
PGmc *flahsa-OE fleaxflaxflahsa- > flahs > fleax
PGmc *þwahanąOE þwēanto washþwahaną > þwahan > þwēan
PNWGmc *flahanąOE flēanto skinflahaną > flahan > flēan
PGmc *wīha-OE wēohsanctuarywīha- > wīh > wēoh
PGmc *tīhanąOE tēonannouncetīhaną > tīhan > tēon
PGmc *barnąOE bearnchildbarną > barn > bearn
PGmc *barna-OE bearnchildbarna- > barn > bearn
PGmc *barzda-OE beardedge, brim; beardbarzda- > barzd > beard
PGmc *arsazOE earsarsearsaz > arsa > ars > ears
PGmc *farhazOE fearhpigletfarhaz > farha > farh > fearh
PGmc *farha-OE fearhpigletfarha- > farh > fearh
PGmc *sparwa-OE spearwasparrowsparwa- > sparw > sparosparo
PNWGmc *argazOE eargcowardly, effeminateargaz > arga > arg > earg
PGmc *farza-OE fearryoung bullfarza- > farz > fearr
PGmc *werpanąOE weorpanto throwwerpaną > werpan > weorpan
PGmc *werkąOE weorcworkwerką > werk > weorc
PGmc *werka-OE weorcworkwerka- > werk > weorc
PGmc *berhtazOE beorhtbrightberhtaz > berhta > berht > beorht
PGmc *swerdąOE sweordswordswerdą > swerd > sweord
PGmc *swerda-OE sweordswordswerda- > swerd > sweord
PNWGmc *erlazOE eorlnoblemanerlaz > erla > erl > eorl
PGmc *saltąOE sealtsaltsaltą > salt > sealt
PGmc *salta-OE sealtsaltsalta- > salt > sealt
PGmc *haldaną*haldanto keep, to protecthaldaną > haldan
PNWGmc *fallanąOE feallanto fallfallaną > fallan > feallan
PGmc *felhanąOE fēolanto push infelhaną > felhan > fēolan
PNWGmc *selhazOE seolhsealselhaz > selha > selh > seolh
PGmc *selha-OE seolhsealselha- > selh > seolh
PGmc *nakʷeda-OE nacodnakednakʷeda- > nakʷed > næcednæced
PNWGmc *habukazOE hafochawkhabukaz > haβuka > haβuk > hafoc
PNWGmc *sadulazOE sadolsaddlesadulaz > sadula > sadul > sadol
PGmc *sadula-OE sadolsaddlesadula- > sadul > sadol
PNWGmc *stapulazOE stapolpost, pillarstapulaz > stapula > stapul > stapol
PNWGmc *staþulazOE staþolact of standing; standing thngstaþulaz > staþula > staþul > staþol
PGmc *staþla-OE staþolstanding, shedstaþla- > staþl > stæþlstæþl
PGmc *skabaną*skabanto cut (hair), to shaveskabaną > skaban
PGmc *skōhazOE sċōhshoeskōhaz > skōha > skōh > sċōh
PNWGmc *skrūda*skrūdgear, outfitskrūda > skrūd
PGmc *lēkijaz*lākīphysicianlēkijaz > lākija > lākij > lākī
PNWGmc *mākijaz*mākīswordmākijaz > mākija > mākij > mākī
PNWGmc *rādaną*rādanto consider, to adviserādaną > rādan
PGmc *drankijanąOE drenċanto give to drinkdrankijaną > drankijan > drenċan
PNWGmc *raukijanąOE rīeċanto cause smoke, to smoke (meat etc.)raukijaną > raukijan > rīeċan
PNWGmc *flikkijąOE fliċċeside of baconflikkiją > flikkij > fliċċe
PNWGmc *stukkijąOE styċċepiecestukkiją > stukkij > styċċe
PGmc *stukkja-OE styċċepiecestukkja- > stukkj > styċċstyċċ
PNWGmc *baugijanąOE bīeġanto bendbaugijaną > baugijan > bīeġan
PNWGmc *hnaigijanąOE hnǣġanto lower, to cause to bowhnaigijaną > hnaigijan > hnǣġan
PNWGmc *þangilazOE þenġelprinceþangilaz > þangila > þangil > þenġel
PGmc *hangista-OE henġesthorse; stallion(?); gelding(?)hangista- > hangist > henġest
PGmc *līką*līkbodylīką > līk
PGmc *līka-OE līċbodylīka- > līk > līċ
PNWGmc *sīką*sīkwatercoursesīką > sīk
PNWGmc *spiką*spikhard fatspiką > spik
PGmc *spika-OE spiċbaconspika- > spik > spiċ
PNWGmc *wāgazOE wǣġwavewāgaz > wāga > wāg > wǣġ
PGmc *wegaz*wegwaywegaz > wega > weg
PGmc *regną*regnrainregną > regn
PGmc *rignijanąOE riġnanto rainrignijaną > rignijan > riġnan
PNWGmc *bregdanąOE breġdanto brandishbregdaną > bregdan > breġdan
PNWGmc *þegnazOE þeġnretainer, followerþegnaz > þegna > þegn > þeġn
PGmc *þegna-OE þeġnretainerþegna- > þegn > þeġn
PNWGmc *segląOE seġlsailseglą > segl > seġl
PGmc *segla-OE seġlsail, canvassegla- > segl > seġl
PNWGmc *siglijanąOE siġlanto sailsiglijaną > siglijan > siġlan
PNWGmc *siglijąOE siġlejewelrysigliją > siglij > siġle
PNWGmc *skeranąOE sċieranto cut, to shearskeraną > skeran > sċieran
PGmc *kuninga-OE cyningheadmankuninga- > kuning > cynengcyneng
PGmc *furhtijanąOE fyrhtanto frightenfurhtijaną > furhtijan > fyrhtan
PNWGmc *dunjaną*dunnjanto make a loud noisedunjaną > dunjan > dunnjan
PGmc *garūniją*garūnī(secret) meeting, conspiracygarūniją > garūnij > garūnī
PNWGmc *dūbijanąOE dȳfanto dip, to immersedūbijaną > dūβijan > dȳfan
PNWGmc *rūmijanąOE rȳmanto make room, to clear outrūmijaną > rūmijan > rȳman
PNWGmc *snūtijanąOE snȳtanto blow one's nosesnūtijaną > snūtijan > snȳtan
PNWGmc *funsijanąOE fȳsanto make ready to gofunsijaną > funsijan > fȳsan
PNWGmc *wunskijanąOE wȳsċanto wishwunskijaną > wunskijan > wȳsċan
PGmc *fōdijanąOE fēdanto feedfōdijaną > fōdijan > fēdan
PGmc *wōpijanąOE wēpanto callwōpijaną > wōpijan > wēpan
PGmc *mōtijanąOE mētanto meetmōtijaną > mōtijan > mētan
PGmc *grōtijanąOE grētanto cause to weepgrōtijaną > grōtijan > grētan
PGmc *sandijanąOE sendanto sendsandijaną > sandijan > sendan
PNWGmc *kanipazOE cenepmoustachekanipaz > kanipa > kanip > cenep
PNWGmc *sanþijanąOE sēþanto declare truesanþijaną > sanþijan > sēþan
PGmc *hailijanąOE hǣlanto heal, to curehailijaną > hailijan > hǣlan
PGmc *laibijanąOE lǣfanto leave (over)laibijaną > laiβijan > lǣfan
PGmc *laidijanąOE lǣdanto make golaidijaną > laidijan > lǣdan
PGmc *laistijanąOE lǣstanto followlaistijaną > laistijan > lǣstan
PGmc *aglijanąOE eġlanto treat badly, to harmaglijaną > aglijan > eġlan
PGmc *asnijazOE esneharvest-worker, hired manasnijaz > asnija > asnij > esne
PGmc *arjanąOE erianto plowarjaną > arjan > erian
PNWGmc *fatilazOE fetelstrapfatilaz > fatila > fatil > fetel
PNWGmc *hadinazOE hedenhooded jackethadinaz > hadina > hadin > heden
PNWGmc *hrappijanąOE hreppanto grasphrappijaną > hrappijan > hreppan
PGmc *rakjanąOE reċċanto stretch outrakjaną > rakjan > reċċan
PGmc *saljanąOE sellanto hand over, to givesaljaną > saljan > sellan
PGmc *sagjanąOE seċġanto saysagjaną > sagjan > seċġan
PNWGmc *taljanąOE tellanto count, to narratetaljaną > taljan > tellan
PGmc *warmijanąOE wiermanto warmwarmijaną > warmijan > wierman
PGmc *wargijanąOE wierġanto condemnwargijaną > wargijan > wierġan
PNWGmc *hʷarbijanąOE hwierfanto turn, to changehʷarbijaną > hʷarβijan > hwierfan
PNWGmc *bargijanąOE bierġanto tastebargijaną > bargijan > bierġan
PGmc *hardijanąOE hierdanto hardenhardijaną > hardijan > hierdan
PNWGmc *gamarkijąOE ġemierċemarkgamarkiją > gamarkij > gamierċegamierċe
PNWGmc *halþijanąOE hieldanto tilt, to inclinehalþijaną > halþijan > hieldan
PNWGmc *aldijanąOE ieldanto make oldaldijaną > aldijan > ieldan
PGmc *katilaz*katilkettlekatilaz > katila > katil
PGmc *galaubijanąOE ġelīefanto believegalaubijaną > galauβijan > ġælīefanġælīefan
PGmc *lausijanąOE līesanto release, to set freelausijaną > lausijan > līesan
PGmc *girnijanąOE ġiernanto be eager for, to desiregirnijaną > girnijan > ġiernan
PNWGmc *smirwijanąOE smierwanto smear, to anointsmirwijaną > smirwijan > smierwan
PGmc *liuhtijanąOE līehtanto shineliuhtijaną > liuhtijan > līehtan
PNWGmc *diurijazOE dīerevaluablediurijaz > diurija > diurij > dīere
PGmc *deurja-OE dīereprecious, valuable, expensivedeurja- > deurj > dēordēor
PNWGmc *stiurijanąOE stīeranto steer, to directstiurijaną > stiurijan > stīeran
PGmc *hanipa-OE henephemphanipa- > hanip > henep
PGmc *þwahląOE þwēalwashing, bathþwahlą > þwahl > þwēal
PGmc *þwahla-OE þwēalwashing, bathingþwahla- > þwahl > þwēal
PGmc *fanhanąOE fōnto catch, to seizefanhaną > fanhan > fōn
PGmc *raiha-OE roe deerraiha- > raih > rāhrāh
PGmc *þinhanąOE þīonto thriveþinhaną > þinhan > þēonþēon
PGmc *fleuhanąOE flēonto fleefleuhaną > fleuhan > flēon
PNWGmc *herutazOE heorotstagherutaz > heruta > herut > heorot
PGmc *fōdrą*fōdrsheathfōdrą > fōdr
PGmc *fōdra-OE fōdorsheathfōdra- > fōdr > fōdor
PGmc *hleuþrą*hleuþrnoisehleuþrą > hleuþr
PGmc *fagraz*fagrbeautifulfagraz > fagra > fagr
PGmc *fagra-OE fæġerbeautifulfagra- > fagr > fæġer
PGmc *snutraz*snotrwisesnutraz > snotra > snotr
PGmc *hlūtraz*hlūtrcleanhlūtraz > hlūtra > hlūtr
PNWGmc *legrąOE leġerbed, lairlegrą > legr > leġer
PNWGmc *þunraz*þunrthunderþunraz > þunra > þunr
PGmc *hʷaþeraz*hwaþarwhich (of the two)hʷaþeraz > hʷaþara > hʷaþar > hwaþar
PGmc *hʷaþera-OE hwæþerwho of two?hʷaþera- > hʷaþara > hʷaþar > hweþerhweþer
PNWGmc *hailagaz*hailagholyhailagaz > hailaga > hailag
PGmc *fella-OE fellskin, hidefella- > fell
PGmc *fellą*fellskin, hidefellą > fell
PGmc *heuja-OE hīwvisible layer, appearanceheuja- > heuj > hēoġhēoġ
PGmc *hiwjąOE hīewappearance, bleehiwją > hiwj > hiehie
PGmc *leþra-OE leþerleatherleþra- > leþr > leþer
PGmc *mōdazOE mōdmind, sensemōdaz > mōda > mōd
PGmc *alamahtīgazOE ælmihtiġalmightyalamahtīgaz > alumahtīga > alumahtīg > alomiehtiġalomiehtiġ
PGmc *maganąOE mæġento be able, maymaganą > magan > maganmagan
PGmc *ainagazOE ǣniġonly; sole; singular; uniqueainagaz > ainaga > ainag > āniġāniġ
PGmc *þinga-OE þingmeeting, case, thingþinga- > þing
PGmc *seuþanąOE sēoþanto seethe; boilseuþaną > seuþan > sēoþan
PGmc *bakārijazOE bæcereOne who creates baked goods; bakerbakārijaz > bakārija > bakārij > bæcere
PGmc *sada-OE sædsatiated, sated, fullsada- > sad > sæd
PGmc *uftaOE oftoft; often; frequentlyufta > ofta > oft
PGmc *blakazOE blæcburntblakaz > blaka > blak > blæc
PNWGmc *slāpaną*slāpansleepslāpaną > slāpan
PNWGmc *swāsazOE swǣsone's ownswāsaz > swāsa > swās > swǣs
PGmc *nēhʷa-OE nēahnearnēhʷa- > nāhʷa > nāhʷ > nēah
PNWGmc *unlādazOE unlǣdpoorunlādaz > unlāda > unlād > unledunled
PGmc *abaOE of(away) from, offaba > > æfæf
PGmc *abnjanąOE efnanexecuteabnjaną > aβnjan > efnan
PNWGmc *lībąOE līflifelībą > līβ > līf
PGmc *lība-OE līflife; bodylība- > līβ > līf
PGmc *stabazOE stæfstaff, letterstabaz > staβa > staβ > stæf
PGmc *timrą*timrtimbertimrą > timr
PGmc *timbra-OE timbertimbertimbra- > timbr > timber
PNWGmc *bitraz*bitrbitraz > bitra > bitr
PNWGmc *wundrą*wundrmarvel, wonderwundrą > wundr
PGmc *fuglaz*fuglbirdfuglaz > fogla > foglfogl
PGmc *tunglą*tunglluminarytunglą > tungl
PGmc *taikną*taiknsigntaikną > taikn
PNWGmc *faikną*faiknhostility, evilfaikną > faikn
PGmc *afla-OE afolstrength, powerafla- > afl > æflæfl
PGmc *agila-OE eġlawnagila- > agil > eġeleġel
PGmc *aibra-OE āforharshaibra- > aiβr > āfor
PGmc *aida-OE ādpyreaida- > aid > ād
PGmc *aigena-OE āgenownaigena- > aigen > āgen
PGmc *ailida-OE ǣledfireailida- > ailid > ǣled
PGmc *ainalifa-OE endlufonelevenainalifa- > ainalif > ānlefānlef
PGmc *aitra-OE āttorpoison; pusaitra- > aitr > ātorātor
PGmc *aiþja-OE ǣþecapable of taking an oathaiþja- > aiþj > ǣþǣþ
PGmc *aiþma-OE āðumson-in-lawaiþma- > aiþm > āðum
PGmc *akrana-OE æcerntree fruit, acornakrana- > akran > æcranæcran
PGmc *alda-OE eald(grown) oldalda- > ald > eald
PGmc *aldra-OE aldorage, life(span)aldra- > aldr > ealdorealdor
PGmc *angula-OE ongelhook, tipangula- > angul > ongulongul
PGmc *apla-OE æplappleapla- > apl > æpl
PGmc *arwa-OE earuready, fastarwa- > arw > aruaru
PGmc *aska-OE æscashaska- > ask > æsc
PGmc *audana-OE ēadengrantedaudana- > audan > ēadanēadan
PGmc *aþulja-OE æðelenobleaþulja- > aþulj > aþolaþol
PGmc *aina-OE ānoneaina- > ain > ān
PGmc *aiza-OE ārore, brassaiza- > aiz > ǣǣ
PGmc *austera-OE ēasteast, eastwardsaustera- > austara > austar > ēasterēaster
PGmc *agra-OE eagorfloodagra- > agr > æġeræġer
PGmc *anaOE ononana > an > on
PGmc *alla-OE eallallalla- > all > eall
PGmc *aista-OE āstkilnaista- > aist > āst
PGmc *aiwa-OE ǣlawaiwa- > aiw > āwāw
PGmc *apaldra-OE apuldreapple-treeapaldra- > apaldr > æpealdoræpealdor
PGmc *awala-OE awulawlawala- > awal > awelawel
PGmc *awidja-OE eowdeflock of sheepawidja- > awidj > eedeed
PGmc *awista-OE ēowestresheepfoldawista- > awist > eesteest
PGmc *badja-OE bedbed, beddingbadja- > badj > bedebede
PGmc *bagma-OE bēambeam, treebagma- > bagm > bæġombæġom
PGmc *baina-OE bānbone, legbaina- > bain > bān
PGmc *baira-OE bārboarbaira- > bair > bār
PGmc *baita-OE bātboatbaita- > bait > bāt
PGmc *baka-OE bæcbackbaka- > bak > bæc
PGmc *bakja-OE beċecreekbakja- > bakj > beċe
PGmc *baltja-OE beltbeltbaltja- > baltj > bieltbielt
PGmc *balwa-OE bealoevilbalwa- > balw > balobalo
PGmc *banda-OE beandband, bondbanda- > band > bandband
PGmc *bansa-OE bōsigcowshedbansa- > bans > bōsbōs
PGmc *barsa-OE bearspike, bassbarsa- > bars > bears
PGmc *baruga-OE beargbarrowbaruga- > barug > baurgbaurg
PGmc *barwa-OE bearugrove(?)barwa- > barw > barubaru
PGmc *basja-OE berigeberrybasja- > basj > besebese
PGmc *basta-OE bæstbastbasta- > bast > bæst
PGmc *baþa-OE bæþbathbaþa- > baþ > bæþ
PGmc *baza-OE bærnaked, visiblebaza- > baz > bær
PGmc *bebura-OE beoforbeaverbebura- > beβur > beofor
PGmc *bēla-OE bǣl(bon)fire, (funeral) pyrebēla- > bāla > bāl > bǣl
PGmc *benuta-OE beonetbentgrassbenuta- > benut > benotbenot
PGmc *berga-OE beorgmountainberga- > berg > beorg
PGmc *beusta-OE bēostbeestingsbeusta- > beust > bēost
PGmc *bewwa-OE bēowyield; barleybewwa- > beww > bēow
PGmc *bitra-OE bitorbitter, sharpbitra- > bitrbitr
PGmc *blada-OE blædleaf, bladeblada- > blad > blæd
PGmc *blaika-OE blācpaleblaika- > blaik > blāc
PGmc *blaita-OE blātpaleblaita- > blait > blāt
PGmc *blauta-OE blēatsoftblauta- > blaut > blēat
PGmc *blēwa-OE blāwblueblēwa- > blāwa > blāw
PGmc *blinda-OE blindblindblinda- > blind
PGmc *blīþa-OE blīþemild, kindblīþa- > blīþblīþ
PGmc *blīwa-OE blēocolor, hueblīwa- > blīwblīw
PGmc *blōda-OE blōdbloodblōda- > blōd
PGmc *bōsma-OE bōsmbosombōsma- > bōsm
PGmc *bragna-OE bræġenbrainbragna- > bragn > bræġnbræġn
PGmc *braida-OE brādbroadbraida- > braid > brād
PGmc *brannijanąOE bærnanmake burnbrannijaną > brannijan > bernanbernan
PGmc *branta-OE brantsteepbranta- > brant > brant
PGmc *brauda-OE brēadbreadbrauda- > braud > brēad
PGmc *brazda-OE breardedge, brimbrazda- > brazd > breard
PGmc *brōka-OE brōcswampbrōka- > brōc
PGmc *brunna-OE brunnawell, springbrunna- > brunnbrunn
PGmc *bruzda-OE brordspikebruzda- > brozda > brozd > brord
PGmc *buda-OE bodofferbuda- > boda > bod
PGmc *bukka-OE buccbilly-goatbukka- > bokka > boccbocc
PGmc *bulstra-OE bolsterbolster, pillowbulstra- > bolstra > bolstrbolstr
PGmc *būra-OE būrcabin, hutbūra- > būr
PGmc *burzda-OE bordboardburzda- > borzda > borzd > bord
PGmc *daiga-OE dāhdoughdaiga- > daig > dāgdāg
PGmc *daila-OE dālshare, partdaila- > dail > dāl
PGmc *dala-OE dælvalleydala- > dal > dæl
PGmc *dauba-OE dēafdeaf; sluggish; numbdauba- > dauβ > dēaf
PGmc *dawwa-OE dēawdewdawwa- > daww > dēaw
PGmc *derba-OE deorfbravederba- > derβ > deorf
PGmc *derka-OE deorcdarkderka- > derk > deorc
PGmc *deuza-OE dēor(wild) animaldeuza- > deuz > dēor
PGmc *dīka-OE dīċdam; ditchdīka- > dīk > dīċ
PGmc *dimma-OE dimmdarkdimma- > dimm
PGmc *dōgera-OE dōgora full day, twenty-four hoursdōgera- > dōgara > dōgar > dōgerdōger
PGmc *dōma-OE dōmverdict, evaluationdōma- > dōm
PGmc *draugja-OE drȳgedrydraugja- > draugj > drīeġdrīeġ
PGmc *drauma-OE drēamdreamdrauma- > draum > drēam
PGmc *drita-OE dritshit, dirtdrita- > drit
PGmc *dunga-OE dungdungdunga- > dung
PGmc *dunsta-OE dūstpowder, dust(?)dunsta- > dunst > dūst
PGmc *dura-OE dorgate, (single) doordura- > dora > dor
PGmc *duska-OE doxdarkduska- > doska > doscdosc
PGmc *dwerga-OE dweorgdwarfdwerga- > dwerg > dweorg
PGmc *dwēsa-OE dwæsfoolishdwēsa- > dwāsa > dwās > dwǣsdwǣs
PGmc *ebna-OE efeneven, levelebna- > eβn > efnefn
PGmc *edara-OE eodoredge; fenceedara- > edar > edereder
PGmc *ēdra-OE ǣdrequickēdra- > ādra > ādr > ǣdrǣdr
PGmc *egila-OE igilhedgehog, sea urchinegila- > egil > eġeleġel
PGmc *ehʷa-OE eohhorseehʷa- > ehʷ > ēoēo
PGmc *ēla-OE ǣleelēla- > āla > āl > ǣl
PGmc *elha-OE eolhelkelha- > elh > eolh
PGmc *embja-OE imbeswarm of beesembja- > embj > imbimb
PGmc *erpa-OE eorplight brownerpa- > erp > eorp
PGmc *ēsa-OE ǣsdead meat; baitēsa- > āsa > ās > ǣs
PGmc *eudra-OE ūderuddereudra- > eudr > ēodorēodor
PGmc *fahsa-OE feaxhair of the headfahsa- > fahs > feax
PGmc *faiha-OE fāhhostilefaiha- > faih > fāh
PGmc *faiha-OE fāhcoloredfaiha- > faih > fāh
PGmc *faluda-OE faldpen(?)faluda- > falud > faludfalud
PGmc *falwa-OE fealopalefalwa- > falw > falofalo
PGmc *fanja-OE fenfen, swampfanja- > fanj > fenefene
PGmc *farma-OE fearmmoving(?)farma- > farm > fearm
PGmc *farna-OE fearnfernfarna- > farn > fearn
PGmc *faþma-OE fæðmfathomfaþma- > faþm > fæðm
PGmc *fawa-OE fēafewfawa- > fawfaw
PGmc *felþa-OE feldfieldfelþa- > felþfelþ
PGmc *fergunja-OE firgenmountainfergunja- > fergunj > feorgenfeorgen
PGmc *ferhʷa-OE feorhlife, essenceferhʷa- > ferhʷ > feorh
PGmc *fetura-OE feterfetterfetura- > feturfetur
PGmc *fīfaldra-OE fīfealdebutterflyfīfaldra- > fīfaldr > fīfealdrfīfealdr
PGmc *fingra-OE fingerfingerfingra- > fingr > finger
PGmc *finkja-OE finċfinchfinkja- > finkj > finċ
PGmc *fiska-OE fiscfishfiska- > fisc
PGmc *flatja-OE flettfloorflatja- > flatj > fleteflete
PGmc *fleuta-OE flēotstreamfleuta- > fleut > flēot
PGmc *flōra-OE flōrfloorflōra- > flōr
PGmc *flukka-OE floccgroupflukka- > flokka > flocc
PGmc *fluta-OE flotfloatingfluta- > flota > flot
PGmc *fōra-OE fōrpigletfōra- > fōr
PGmc *fōþra-OE fōðorload; vessel; fodderfōþra- > fōþr > fōðor
PGmc *frauja-OE frēalordfrauja- > frauj > frīeġfrīeġ
PGmc *freka-OE frecavariciousfreka- > frec
PGmc *fria-OE frēofreefria- > fri > frīfrī
PGmc *frōda-OE frōdwise, experiencedfrōda- > frōd
PGmc *fruska-OE forscfrogfruska- > froska > froscfrosc
PGmc *frusta-OE forstfrostfrusta- > frosta > frost > forst
PGmc *fuhsa-OE foxfoxfuhsa- > fohsa > fohs > fox
PGmc *fūla-OE fūlfilthy, foulfūla- > fūl
PGmc *fulla-OE fullfullfulla- > folla > follfoll
PGmc *fulla-OE fullcupfulla- > folla > follfoll
PGmc *gaidwa-OE gādlackgaidwa- > gaiwwa > gaiww > gāowgāow
PGmc *gaiza-OE gārspear, tipgaiza- > gaiz > ġēaġēa
PGmc *galda-OE ġieldebarren, not (yet) pregnantgalda- > gald > ġealdġeald
PGmc *gamala-OE gamololdgamala- > gamal > gamelgamel
PGmc *ganuta-OE ganotganderganuta- > ganut > ganot
PGmc *garwa-OE gearoready, finishedgarwa- > garw > garogaro
PGmc *gata-OE ġeatholegata- > gat > ġeat
PGmc *gauja-OE -gēdistrict, regiongauja- > gauj > ġīeġġīeġ
PGmc *gelwazOE geoloyellowgelwaz > gelwa > gelw > ġieloġielo
PGmc *gestra-OE geostran-dægthe previous or next daygestra- > gestr > ġiesterġiester
PGmc *gīslazOE gīselhostagegīslaz > gīsla > gīsl > ġīslġīsl
PGmc *glada-OE glædbright, happyglada- > glad > glæd
PGmc *glasa-OE glæsglassglasa- > glas > glæs
PGmc *glauma-OE glēamjubilationglauma- > glaum > glēam
PGmc *glīwa-OE glīwjoyglīwa- > glīw
PGmc *gnaista-OE gnāstsparkgnaista- > gnaist > gnāst
PGmc *gōda-OE gōdsuitable, goodgōda- > gōd
PGmc *graba-OE græfgravegraba- > graβ > græf
PGmc *grasa-OE gærsgrassgrasa- > gras > gærs
PGmc *grauta-OE grēatcoarsegrauta- > graut > grēat
PGmc *grēwa-OE grǣwgreygrēwa- > grāwa > grāwgrāw
PGmc *grīsa-OE grīsgreygrīsa- > grīs
PGmc *guda-OE Godgodguda- > goda > God
PGmc *gulþa-OE goldgoldgulþa- > golþa > golþgolþ
PGmc *gunda-OE gundpus; decaying skin(?)gunda- > gund
PGmc *haga-OE hagaenclosure; pasturehaga- > hag > hæġhæġ
PGmc *hagla-OE hagolhailhagla- > hagl > hæġlhæġl
PGmc *haidra-OE hādorclearhaidra- > haidr > hādor
PGmc *haira-OE hārhoary, grey-hairedhaira- > hair > hār
PGmc *hairsa-OE hāshoarsehairsa- > hairs > hārshārs
PGmc *haita-OE hāthothaita- > hait > hāt
PGmc *hakula-OE hæclacloakhakula- > hakul > hacolhacol
PGmc *halba-OE healfhalfhalba- > halβ > healf
PGmc *halta-OE healtlame, limpinghalta- > halt > healt
PGmc *halþa-OE healdsloping; inclinedhalþa- > halþ > healþhealþ
PGmc *hama-OE hamashape, physical formhama- > ham > hamham
PGmc *hamara-OE hamorhammerhamara- > hamar > hamerhamer
PGmc *hanhanąOE hōnhanghanhaną > hanhan > hōn
PGmc *hanhila-OE hēlaheelhanhila- > hanhil > hēhelhēhel
PGmc *harbista-OE hærfestautumn, fallharbista- > harβist > hierfesthierfest
PGmc *harma-OE hearmharm, sorrowharma- > harm > hearm
PGmc *hasla-OE hæselhazelhasla- > hasl > hæslhæsl
PGmc *haswa-OE hasogreyhaswa- > hasw > haso
PGmc *haubeda-OE hēafodheadhaubeda- > hauβed > hēafedhēafed
PGmc *hauhazOE hēahighhauhaz > hauha > hauh > hēahhēah
PGmc *hauja-OE hīeġhayhauja- > hauj > hīeġ
PGmc *haula-OE hēalahernia, lumphaula- > haul > hēalhēal
PGmc *haupa-OE hēappile, heaphaupa- > haup > hēap
PGmc *helma-OE helmhelmethelma- > helm
PGmc *hemina-OE heofonheavenhemina- > hemin > himenhimen
PGmc *hēra-OE hǣrhairhēra- > hāra > hār > hǣr
PGmc *herþa-OE heorðhearthherþa- > herþ > heorð
PGmc *hēwja-OE hāwidark blue(?)hēwja- > hāwja > hāwj > hǣ
PGmc *hīwiskja-OE hīwischouseholdhīwiskja- > hīwiskj > hīeschīesc
PGmc *hlaiwa-OE hlāwbarrow, funeral moundhlaiwa- > hlaiw > hlāw
PGmc *hleuza-OE hlēorcheekhleuza- > hleuz > hlēor
PGmc *hlewa-OE hlēoshelter (from wind)hlewa- > hlew > hleowhleow
PGmc *hlūda-OE hlūdloudhlūda- > hlūd
PGmc *hōda-OE hōdhat, hoodhōda- > hōd
PGmc *hōfa-OE hōfhoofhōfa- > hōf
PGmc *hōkīna-OE hēċenkid, young goathōkīna- > hōkīn > hēċen
PGmc *hōla-OE hōlflattery(?)hōla- > hōl
PGmc *hōpa-OE hōpsmall bay(?)hōpa- > hōp
PGmc *hōra-OE hōradulteryhōra- > hōr
PGmc *hrairja-OE hrēre-brǣdrearhrairja- > hrairj > hrǣrhrǣr
PGmc *hraiwa-OE hrǣdead body, deathhraiwa- > hraiw > hrāwhrāw
PGmc *hraþa-OE hrædfasthraþa- > hraþ > hræþhræþ
PGmc *hrauka-OE hrēacpile, rickhrauka- > hrauk > hrēac
PGmc *hrawa-OE hræwrawhrawa- > hrawhraw
PGmc *hreflinga-OE hrifelingshoehreflinga- > hrefling > hreflenghrefleng
PGmc *hreþra-OE hrēaðe-mūsbathreþra- > hreþr > hreþerhreþer
PGmc *hreþrja-OE mid-hriðerediaphragmhreþrja- > hreþrj > hreþerhreþer
PGmc *hreuba-OE hrēofscabbyhreuba- > hreuβ > hrēof
PGmc *hreuda-OE hrēodreedhreuda- > hreud > hrēod
PGmc *hrīdra-OE hrīddersievehrīdra- > hrīdr > hrīderhrīder
PGmc *hringa-OE hringring, circlehringa- > hring
PGmc *hrīsa-OE hrīsbrushwoodhrīsa- > hrīs
PGmc *hrōfa-OE hrōfroofhrōfa- > hrōf
PGmc *hrōka-OE hrōcrook, jackdawhrōka- > hrōc
PGmc *hrōþra-OE hrōðorpraisehrōþra- > hrōþr > hrōðor
PGmc *hrōza-OE hrōrmotilehrōza- > hrōz > hrōr
PGmc *hrugja-OE hrycgridge; backhrugja- > hrugj > hryġehryġe
PGmc *hrukka-OE rocupper garment, robehrukka- > hrokka > hrocchrocc
PGmc *hufa-OE hofhillockhufa- > hofa > hof
PGmc *hufra-OE hoferbump, hillockhufra- > hofra > hofrhofr
PGmc *hulma-OE holmsmall islandhulma- > holma > holm
PGmc *hulta-OE holtgrovehulta- > holta > holt
PGmc *hulþa-OE holdpropitioushulþa- > holþa > holþholþ
PGmc *hūna-OE hūn-þyreltop of a stickhūna- > hūnhūn
PGmc *hunda-OE hundhundredhunda- > hund
PGmc *hunsla-OE hūselsacrificehunsla- > hunsl > hūslhūsl
PGmc *hurhʷa-OE horhdirt, mucushurhʷa- > horhʷa > horhʷ > horh
PGmc *hurna-OE hornhornhurna- > horna > horn
PGmc *hūsa-OE hūshousehūsa- > hūs
PGmc *hʷaja-OE hwæġwheyhʷaja- > hʷaj > hwæġ
PGmc *hʷalfa-OE hwealfvaulthʷalfa- > hʷalf > hwealf
PGmc *hʷassa-OE hwæssharphʷassa- > hʷass > hwæsshwæss
PGmc *hʷata-OE hwætquickhʷata- > hʷat > hwæt
PGmc *hʷehla-OE hwēolwheelhʷehla- > hʷehl > hwēol
PGmc *hʷera-OE hwerkettlehʷera- > hʷer > hwer
PGmc *hʷītazOE hʷītwhitehʷītaz > hʷīta > hʷīt > hīthīt
PGmc *īdala-OE īdelvoid, idle, futileīdala- > īdal > īdel
PGmc *īsa-OE īsiceīsa- > īs
PGmc *īsarna-OE īsernironīsarna- > īsarn > īsearnīsearn
PGmc *īwa-OE īwyewīwa- > īw
PGmc *jungazOE geongyoungjungaz > junga > jung > ġungġung
PGmc *kaiba-OE cāfsharp(?), crooked(?)kaiba- > kaiβ > cāf
PGmc *kalwa-OE calobaldkalwa- > kalw > calo
PGmc *kamba-OE cambcombkamba- > kamb > camb
PGmc *kebra-OE ceaforbeetlekebra- > keβr > ċieferċiefer
PGmc *kerla-OE ċeorlman, freemankerla- > kerl > ċeorl
PGmc *kisila-OE ciosolgravelkisila- > kisil > ċiselċisel
PGmc *kīþa-OE ċīðsprout, budkīþa- > kīþ > ċīð
PGmc *kizna-OE cēnpine treekizna- > kizn > ċeornċeorn
PGmc *klainja-OE clǣnefineklainja- > klainj > clǣnclǣn
PGmc *klaiþa-OE clōþclothklaiþa- > klaiþ > clāþclāþ
PGmc *klajja-OE clǣġclayklajja- > klajj > clǣġ
PGmc *knewa-OE cnēokneeknewa- > knew > cneowcneow
PGmc *knība-OE cnīfknifeknība- > knīβ > cnīf
PGmc *krumba-OE crumpcrooked, bentkrumba- > crumbcrumb
PGmc *kruppa-OE cropcompact objectkruppa- > kroppa > croppcropp
PGmc *krupila-OE crypelcripplekrupila- > krupil > crypel
PGmc *kula-OE colcoal, charcoalkula- > kola > col
PGmc *kunda-OE cundbornkunda- > cund
PGmc *kunþa-OE cūþknownkunþa- > kunþ > cūþ
PGmc *kurna-OE corncorn, wheatkurna- > korna > corn
PGmc *kurþra-OE corðorflockkurþra- > korþra > korþr > corðor
PGmc *kuspa-OE cospfetterkuspa- > kospa > cosp
PGmc *kuta-OE cotshedkuta- > kota > cot
PGmc *lahtra-OE leahtorvicelahtra- > lahtr > leahtor
PGmc *landa-OE landlandlanda- > land > land
PGmc *langa-OE langlonglanga- > lang > lang
PGmc *lasiwa-OE lysuweak, feeblelasiwa- > lasiw > leseowleseow
PGmc *lata-OE lætlax, sluggishlata- > lat > læt
PGmc *lauda-OE lēadleadlauda- > laud > lēad
PGmc *lauka-OE lēaconion, leeklauka- > lauk > lēac
PGmc *launa-OE lēanreward, recompenselauna- > laun > lēan
PGmc *lauþra-OE lēaðorlatherlauþra- > lauþr > lēaðor
PGmc *leuba-OE lēofdear, belovedleuba- > leuβ > lēof
PGmc *leuhada-OE lēohtlightleuhada- > leuhad > lēodlēod
PGmc *linhta-OE lēohtlightlinhta- > linht > lēoht
PGmc *līma-OE līmclay, mud, limelīma- > līm
PGmc *lītila-OE lȳtelsmalllītila- > lītil > lītellītel
PGmc *luba-OE lofpraiseluba- > loβa > loβ > lof
PGmc *lubja-OE lybherb, potionlubja- > luβj > lyfelyfe
PGmc *luhsa-OE loxlynxluhsa- > lohsa > lohs > lox
PGmc *lukka-OE loctuftlukka- > lokka > locclocc
PGmc *lungra-OE lungrequick, lightlungra- > lungrlungr
PGmc *magra-OE mæġerleanmagra- > magr > mæġer
PGmc *maina-OE ge-mǣnecommonmaina- > main > mānmān
PGmc *mairja-OE land-gemǣremooring-postmairja- > mairj > mǣrmǣr
PGmc *maiwa-OE māwsea-gullmaiwa- > maiw > māw
PGmc *managa-OE maniġmanymanaga- > manag > maniġ
PGmc *manja-OE menenecklacemanja- > manj > mene
PGmc *manniska-OE mennischumanmanniska- > mannisk > mennescmennesc
PGmc *marha-OE mearhhorse, steedmarha- > marh > mearh
PGmc *marka-OE mearcsignmarka- > mark > mearc
PGmc *masjinga-OE mæslingbrassmasjinga- > masjing > messengmesseng
PGmc *maska-OE mascmesh; stain(?)maska- > mask > mæscmæsc
PGmc *masta-OE mæstmast, fruit of forest treesmasta- > mast > mæst
PGmc *maþla-OE mæþelmeeting-placemaþla- > maþl > mæþlmæþl
PGmc *mazga-OE mearhmarrowmazga- > mazg > meargmearg
PGmc *medja-OE middemiddlemedja- > medj > medemede
PGmc *meduma-OE medumemiddle, midmostmeduma- > medummedum
PGmc *mēla-OE mǣlpoint in timemēla- > māla > māl > mǣl
PGmc *mēla-OE mǣlspot, markmēla- > māla > māl > mǣl
PGmc *mēla-OE mǣlmeasure, amountmēla- > māla > māl > mǣl
PGmc *melda-OE mildepleasant, mildmelda- > meldmeld
PGmc *meltja-OE miltemilt, spleenmeltja- > meltj > meltmelt
PGmc *meluka-OE meolcgiving milkmeluka- > meluk > meolocmeoloc
PGmc *melwa-OE melomeal, flourmelwa- > melw > meolomeolo
PGmc *mērijazOE mǣrefamousmērijaz > mārija > mārij > mǣre
PGmc *mēþa-OE mǣðmowing, mown grassmēþa- > māþa > māþ > mǣð
PGmc *meusa-OE mēosmossmeusa- > meus > mēos
PGmc *mīna-OE mīnmymīna- > mīn
PGmc *minna-OE minnsmallminna- > minn
PGmc *mōra-OE mōrmarsh, moormōra- > mōr
PGmc *mōsa-OE mōsfoodmōsa- > mōs
PGmc *mulkna-OE molcendairymulkna- > molkna > molkn > molcen
PGmc *murgena-OE mergenmorningmurgena- > morgena > morgenmorgen
PGmc *murþa-OE morðmurdermurþa- > morþa > morð
PGmc *musa-OE mosmossmusa- > mosa > mos
PGmc *nabja-OE nebbbeaknabja- > naβj > nefenefe
PGmc *narwa-OE nearunarrownarwa- > narw > narunaru
PGmc *natja-OE netnetnatja- > natj > netenete
PGmc *nesta-OE nestfoodnesta- > nest
PGmc *neþja-OE niþþasrelativeneþja- > neþj > neþeneþe
PGmc *neuja-OE nīwenewneuja- > neuj > nēoġnēoġ
PGmc *nikʷasa-OE nicorwater monsternikʷasa- > nikʷas > nicesnices
PGmc *nista-OE nestnestnista- > nistnist
PGmc *niþera-OE niþerdownniþera- > niþara > niþar > niþer
PGmc *ōfra-OE ōferedge; shoreōfra- > ōfrōfr
PGmc *ōþala-OE ōðelpatrimonyōþala- > ōþal > ōðel
PGmc *pagila-OE pæġelmeasuring stick(?)pagila- > pagil > peġelpeġel
PGmc *plōga-OE plōhplowplōga- > plōgplōg
PGmc *pōla-OE pōlpoolpōla- > pōl
PGmc *preuna-OE prēonneedle, pinpreuna- > preun > prēon
PGmc *punga-OE pungpurse, pouchpunga- > pung
PGmc *rada-OE rædfast(?)rada- > rad > ræd
PGmc *raida-OE rǣdearranged, preparedraida- > raid > rādrād
PGmc *raipa-OE rāpstrapraipa- > raip > rāp
PGmc *ramma-OE ramramramma- > ramm > rammramm
PGmc *ranka-OE rancerectranka- > rank > ranc
PGmc *rauba-OE rēaflootrauba- > rauβ > rēaf
PGmc *rebja-OE ribribrebja- > reβj > referefe
PGmc *rehta-OE rihtstraightrehta- > reht > reohtreoht
PGmc *reuda-OE rēodredreuda- > reud > rēod
PGmc *rīma-OE rīmnumber, calculationrīma- > rīm
PGmc *rōta-OE rōtgladrōta- > rōt
PGmc *rōþra-OE rōdorrudderrōþra- > rōþr > rōþorrōþor
PGmc *rūma-OE rūmroomy, spaciousrūma- > rūm
PGmc *rusila-OE ryselfatrusila- > rusil > rysel
PGmc *sagja-OE secgman, herosagja- > sagj > seġeseġe
PGmc *sagja-OE secgsedgesagja- > sagj > seġeseġe
PGmc *sahsa-OE seaxknifesahsa- > sahs > seax
PGmc *saila-OE sālropesaila- > sail > sāl
PGmc *salwa-OE saloyellowish brownsalwa- > salw > salo
PGmc *samda-OE sandsandsamda- > samd > samdsamd
PGmc *sangwa-OE sangsinging; songsangwa- > sangw > sang
PGmc *sanþa-OE sōðtruesanþa- > sanþ > sōð
PGmc *sauma-OE sēamseamsauma- > saum > sēam
PGmc *sauþa-OE sēaðbrothsauþa- > sauþ > sēað
PGmc *sauza-OE sēardrysauza- > sauz > sēar
PGmc *sawwa-OE sēawjuicesawwa- > saww > sēaw
PGmc *sēda-OE sǣdseedsēda- > sāda > sād > sǣd
PGmc *selba-OE selfselfselba- > selβ > self
PGmc *sessa-OE sessseat, benchsessa- > sess
PGmc *setla-OE setlseatsetla- > setl
PGmc *seuda-OE sēodpurse, money-bagseuda- > seud > sēod
PGmc *sīda-OE sīdlongsīda- > sīd
PGmc *silubra-OE seolforsilversilubra- > siluβr > seoluforseolufor
PGmc *sīna-OE sīnownsīna- > sīn
PGmc *skalka-OE sċealcservantskalka- > skalk > sċealc
PGmc *skarna-OE sċearndung, muckskarna- > skarn > sċearn
PGmc *skatta-OE sċeatwealth, property, cattleskatta- > skatt > sċeattsċeatt
PGmc *skauta-OE sċēatseamskauta- > skaut > sċēat
PGmc *skēpa-OE sċēpsheepskēpa- > skāpa > skāp > sċēapsċēap
PGmc *skēra-OE sċēarapair of scissorsskēra- > skāra > skār > sċēarsċēar
PGmc *skuldra-OE sċuldorshoulderskuldra- > skoldra > skoldr > sċoldorsċoldor
PGmc *slaiwa-OE slāwlethargicslaiwa- > slaiw > slāw
PGmc *slaka-OE slæcslackslaka- > slak > slæc
PGmc *slīma-OE slīmslimeslīma- > slīm
PGmc *smahrja-OE smǣraslipsmahrja- > smahrj > smīersmīer
PGmc *smalta-OE smolt(molten) fat, lardsmalta- > smalt > smealtsmealt
PGmc *smerwa-OE smeorubutter, greasesmerwa- > smerw > smeoru
PGmc *spara-OE spærsparing, frugalspara- > spar > spær
PGmc *spelda-OE speldpiece of woodspelda- > speld
PGmc *spella-OE spellstory, tale, legendspella- > spell
PGmc *stalla-OE steallstanding, stand, stall, stablestalla- > stall > steall
PGmc *stamma-OE stammstammeringstamma- > stamm > stamm
PGmc *starka-OE stearcstrongstarka- > stark > stearc
PGmc *stara-OE stærstarlingstara- > star > stær
PGmc *stauma-OE stēamsteamstauma- > staum > stēam
PGmc *staupa-OE stēapsteepstaupa- > staup > stēap
PGmc *steura-OE stēorbullsteura- > steur > stēor
PGmc *stija-OE stigstystija- > stij > stīstī
PGmc *stōda-OE stōdflockstōda- > stōd
PGmc *stōla-OE stōlchair, seatstōla- > stōl
PGmc *stōra-OE stōrbigstōra- > stōr
PGmc *stranga-OE strongstrongstranga- > strang > strong
PGmc *strawa-OE strēastrawstrawa- > strawstraw
PGmc *stukka-OE stoccstickstukka- > stokka > stocc
PGmc *stunta-OE stuntshortstunta- > stunt
PGmc *sturma-OE stormstormsturma- > storma > storm
PGmc *swefanąOE swefansleepswefaną > swefan
PGmc *sulha-OE sulhplowsulha- > solha > solhsolh
PGmc *suma-OE sumsome(one)suma- > sum
PGmc *sunda-OE sundsoundsunda- > sund
PGmc *sunþera-OE sūþsouth, southwardssunþera- > sunþara > sunþar > sūþersūþer
PGmc *sūra-OE sūrsoursūra- > sūr
PGmc *swaita-OE swātsweatswaita- > swait > swāt
PGmc *swajuta-OE swēothostswajuta- > swajut > swaġotswaġot
PGmc *swana-OE swanswanswana- > swan > swan
PGmc *swebla-OE sweflsulfurswebla- > sweβl > swefl
PGmc *swefna-OE swefnsleepswefna- > swefn
PGmc *swehra-OE swehorfather-in-lawswehra- > swehr > swēorswēor
PGmc *swērazOE swǣrheavyswēraz > swāra > swār > swǣr
PGmc *swīna-OE swīnpigswīna- > swīn
PGmc *tagla-OE tæġlhairtagla- > tagl > tæġl
PGmc *tagra-OE tæhherteartagra- > tagr > tæġertæġer
PGmc *taikna-OE tācnsigntaikna- > taikn > tācn
PGmc *taina-OE tānsprigtaina- > tain > tān
PGmc *tala-OE tælnumber; speechtala- > tal > tæl
PGmc *talga-OE tælgtallowtalga- > talg > tealgtealg
PGmc *tauma-OE tēamrein, bridle, ropetauma- > taum > tēam
PGmc *telda-OE telddrape, tenttelda- > teld
PGmc *tersa-OE teorspeg; penistersa- > ters > teors
PGmc *teuna-OE tēondamageteuna- > teun > tēon
PGmc *tibra-OE tibersacrificetibra- > tiβr > tifertifer
PGmc *tila-OE tilplanned point in timetila- > til
PGmc *tina-OE tintintina- > tin
PGmc *tinda-OE tindjag, tiptinda- > tind
PGmc *tīwa-OE TīwTyrtīwa- > Tīw
PGmc *tōla-OE tōltooltōla- > tōl
PGmc *truga-OE trogtroughtruga- > troga > trog
PGmc *truma-OE trumreliabletruma- > trum
PGmc *trūþa-OE trūðjokertrūþa- > trūð
PGmc *tūna-OE tūnfenced areatūna- > tūn
PGmc *tundra-OE tyndertindertundra- > tundr > tundortundor
PGmc *tungla-OE tungolstar, celestial body(?)tungla- > tungl > tungol
PGmc *turhta-OE torhtbrightturhta- > torhta > torht
PGmc *turna-OE tornanger, rageturna- > torna > torn
PGmc *turzda-OE tordexcrementturzda- > torzda > torzd > tord
PGmc *tuska-OE tusctusk, fangtuska- > toska > tosctosc
PGmc *tuska-OE toscatoad(?), frog(?)tuska- > toska > tosctosc
PGmc *twalifa-OE twelftwelvetwalifa- > twalif > tweleftwelef
PGmc *þanka-OE þancthanksþanka- > þank > þanc
PGmc *þarma-OE þearmbowel, intestineþarma- > þarm > þearm
PGmc *þawa-OE þēawcustomþawa- > þawþaw
PGmc *þemestra-OE þīestredark, duskyþemestra- > þemestr > þimesterþimester
PGmc *þerba-OE þeorftough(?)þerba- > þerβ > þeorf
PGmc *þeuba-OE þēofthiefþeuba- > þeuβ > þēof
PGmc *þeudja-OE ge-þīedefavorableþeudja- > þeudj > þēodþēod
PGmc *þeuha-OE þēohthighþeuha- > þeuh > þēoh
PGmc *þewa-OE þēowservantþewa- > þew > þeowþeow
PGmc *þīna-OE þīnyourþīna- > þīn
PGmc *þinhanąOE þēonto thriveþinhaną > þinhan > þēon
PGmc *þranha-OE þrōhdirtyþranha- > þranh > þrōh
PGmc *þrunhta-OE þrohthardship(?)þrunhta- > þrunht > þrūhtþrūht
PGmc *þulla-OE þollthole, peg in the side of a boat to keep the oar in placeþulla- > þolla > þoll
PGmc *þurisa-OE þyrsgiantþurisa- > þuris > þyresþyres
PGmc *þurna-OE þornthorn, briarþurna- > þorna > þorn
PGmc *þurpa-OE þorpcrowd(?)þurpa- > þorpa > þorp
PGmc *þwerha-OE þweorhcrossþwerha- > þwerh > þweorh
PGmc *ufna-OE ofenovenufna- > ofna > ofnofn
PGmc *urba-OE orfinheritanceurba- > orβa > orβ > orf
PGmc *utrazOE oterotterutraz > otra > otrotr
PGmc *uzda-OE ordtip, prickleuzda- > ozda > ozd > ord
PGmc *wabja-OE webbwebwabja- > waβj > wefewefe
PGmc *wadja-OE wedpledge, suretywadja- > wadj > wedewede
PGmc *wagja-OE wecgwedgewagja- > wagj > weġeweġe
PGmc *wagna-OE wæġnwagonwagna- > wagn > wæġn
PGmc *wahsa-OE weaxwaxwahsa- > wahs > weax
PGmc *waika-OE wācweakwaika- > waik > wāc
PGmc *waisunda-OE wāsendwindpipe; gulletwaisunda- > waisund > wāsundwāsund
PGmc *waiza-OE wārseaweed(?)waiza- > waiz > wǣ
PGmc *waizda-OE wādwoadwaizda- > waizd > wārdwārd
PGmc *wakra-OE wacoralert, awakewakra- > wakr > wæcerwæcer
PGmc *wala-OE wælthe slainwala- > wal > wæl
PGmc *wana-OE wanlacking, missing, voidwana- > wan > wan
PGmc *wanga-OE wangmeadowwanga- > wang > wang
PGmc *warma-OE wearmwarmwarma- > warm > wearm
PGmc *warza-OE wearrcalluswarza- > warz > wearr
PGmc *wēbna-OE wǣpnweaponwēbna- > wāβna > wāβn > wǣfnwǣfn
PGmc *welþja-OE wildwild, uncultivated, untamedwelþja- > welþj > weldweld
PGmc *wera-OE werfishing weirwera- > wer
PGmc *werila-OE weleraslipwerila- > weril > werelwerel
PGmc *werþa-OE weorþworthwerþa- > werþ > weorþ
PGmc *wēta-OE wǣtwetwēta- > wāta > wāt > wǣt
PGmc *weþra-OE wederweatherweþra- > weþr > weþerweþer
PGmc *wība-OE wīfwoman, wifewība- > wīβ > wīf
PGmc *wīda-OE wīdwide, distantwīda- > wīd
PGmc *winda-OE windwindwinda- > wind
PGmc *wira-OE wermanwira- > wirwir
PGmc *wissa-OE wisscertainwissa- > wiss
PGmc *wiþraOE wiðertoward, againstwiþra > wiþr > wiðer
PGmc *wlakʷa-OE wlaculukewarm, tepidwlakʷa- > wlakʷ > wlacu
PGmc *wlanka-OE wlancboldwlanka- > wlank > wlanc
PGmc *wōda-OE wōddeliriouswōda- > wōd
PGmc *wōkra-OE wōcorgrowthwōkra- > wōkr > wōcor
PGmc *wōla-OE wōldoom(?)wōla- > wōl
PGmc *wōrja-OE wēriġintoxicatedwōrja- > wōrj > wērwēr
PGmc *wōþja-OE wēþesweet, pleasantwōþja- > wōþj > wēþwēþ
PGmc *wraiþa-OE wrǣþtwisted; angrywraiþa- > wraiþ > wrāþwrāþ
PGmc *wranga-OE wrangtwisted, wrongwranga- > wrang > wrang
PGmc *wulfa-OE wulfwolfwulfa- > wolfa > wolfwolf
PGmc *wunda-OE wundwoundedwunda- > wund
PGmc *ratta-OE rætratratta- > ratt > rættrætt
PGmc *felma-pre-OE *felmamembranefelma- > felmfelm
PGmc *nōga-pre-OE *nōhenoughnōga- > nōgnōg
PGmc *truma-pre-OE *trumroot(?)truma- > trum
PGmc *wuna-pre-OE *wunaccustomedwuna- > wun
PGmc *līka-pre-OE *līċsimilar, equallīka- > līk > līċ
PGmc *tangja-pre-OE *tenġeapproximatetangja- > tangj > tenġtenġ
PGmc *līhʷaną*līhwanto lendlīhʷaną > līhʷan > līhwan

Sequences

pgmc-to-pwgmc: previous pwgmc-final-z, next pwgmc-labiovelars
pgmc-to-oe: previous pwgmc-final-z, next pwgmc-labiovelars
pnwgmc-to-pwgmc: previous pwgmc-final-z, next pwgmc-labiovelars
pnwgmc-to-oe: previous pwgmc-final-z, next pwgmc-labiovelars