From Proto-Germanic to Proto-West Germanic

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PGmc *kʷernuz	*kwernu	mill	kʷernuz > kʷernu > kwernu
PGmc *kʷainôną	*kwainōn	to lament	kʷainôną > kʷainôn > kwainôn > kwainōn
PGmc *kʷainōjan-	OE cwānian	to lament	kʷainōjan- > kwainōjan > cwānian
PGmc *kʷeman-	OE cuman	come	kʷeman- > kweman > cweoman	cweoman
PGmc *nakʷeda-	OE nacod	naked	nakʷeda- > nakʷed > nakwed > næced	næced
PNWGmc *nakʷô	*nakwō	ship	nakʷô > nakwô > nakwō
PGmc *nakʷan-	OE naca	dugout boat	nakʷan- > nakwan > næcan	næcan
PGmc *stinkʷan-	OE stincan	thrust, clash; to stink	stinkʷan- > stinkwan > stincan
PNWGmc *kʷāniz	OE cwēn	woman, wife	kʷāniz > kʷāni > kwāni > cwēn
PGmc *aikʷernan-	OE ācweorn	squirrel	aikʷernan- > aikʷarnan > aikwarnan > ācearnan	ācearnan
PGmc *akʷesī-	OE æx	axe	akʷesī- > akʷesi > akwesi > æces	æces
PGmc *hnaskʷu-	OE hnesce	soft	hnaskʷu- > hnaskwu > hnæsc	hnæsc
PGmc *kʷaljan-	OE cwellan	make suffer, pain	kʷaljan- > kwaljan > cwellan
PGmc *kʷalō-	OE cwalu	torment	kʷalō- > kʷalu > kwalu > cwalu
PGmc *kʷedu-	OE cwide	utterance	kʷedu- > kwedu > cwedo	cwedo
PGmc *kʷedu-	OE cwidu	resin	kʷedu- > kwedu > cwedo	cwedo
PGmc *kʷelan-	OE cwelan	suffer(?)	kʷelan- > cwelan
PGmc *kʷenōn-	OE cwene	woman, wife	kʷenōn- > kwenōn > cwenan	cwenan
PGmc *kʷeþan-	OE cweþan	say	kʷeþan- > cweþan
PGmc *kʷeþu-	OE cwið	stomach; uterus	kʷeþu- > kweþu > cweþo	cweþo
PGmc *merkʷu-	OE mierce	dark	merkʷu- > merkwu > meorc	meorc
PGmc *nikʷasa-	OE nicor	water monster	nikʷasa- > nikʷas > nikwas > nices	nices
PGmc *sankʷjan-	OE sencan	cause to sink	sankʷjan- > sankwjan > sencan
PGmc *skrinkʷan-	OE sċrincan	shrivel	skrinkʷan- > skrinkwan > sċrincan
PGmc *stunkʷi-	OE stenċ	hit; smell	stunkʷi- > stunkwi > stync	stync
PGmc *taikʷer-	OE tācor	brother-in-law	taikʷer- > taikʷar > taikwar > tācer	tācer
PGmc *wīkʷan-	OE wīcan	give way; to turn (away)	wīkʷan- > wīkwan > wīcan
PGmc *wlakʷa-	OE wlacu	lukewarm, tepid	wlakʷa- > wlakʷ > wlakw > wlacu
PGmc *kʷīnan-	pre-OE *cwīnan	wither, dwindle	kʷīnan- > cwīnan
PGmc *skrankʷjan-	pre-OE *sċrencan	make fall(?)	skrankʷjan- > skrankwjan > sċrencan

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PGmc *sinɡʷaną	*singwan	to sing	sinɡʷaną > sinɡʷan > singwan

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PGmc *sehʷaną	*sehwan	to see	sehʷaną > sehʷan > sehwan
PGmc *taihʷō-	OE tā	toe	taihʷō- > taihʷu > taihwu > tāh	tāh
PGmc *hʷītaz	*hwīt	white	hʷītaz > hʷīt > hwīt
PGmc *hʷerbaną	*hwerban	to turn	hʷerbaną > hʷerβan > hwerban
PGmc *hʷaitijaz	*hwaitī	wheat	hʷaitijaz > hʷaitij > hwaitij > hwaitī
PGmc *hʷaitja-	OE hwǣte	wheat	hʷaitja- > hʷaitj > hwaitj > hwǣt	hwǣt
PGmc *hʷarbôną	*hwarbōn	to wander around	hʷarbôną > hʷarβôn > hwarβôn > hwarbōn
PGmc *hʷōstô	*hwōstō	cough	hʷōstô > hwōstô > hwōstō
PGmc *hʷalaz	*hwal	whale	hʷalaz > hʷal > hwal
PGmc *hʷali-	OE hwæl	whale	hʷali- > hwali > hwele	hwele
PGmc *ahʷō	OE ēa	river	ahʷō > ahʷu > ahwu > ēa
PNWGmc *hʷarbijaną	OE hwierfan	to turn, to change	hʷarbijaną > hʷarβijan > hwarβijan > hwierfan
PGmc *hʷarbjan-	OE hwierfan	make turn	hʷarbjan- > hwarβjan > hwierfan
PGmc *hʷaþeraz	*hwaþar	which (of the two)	hʷaþeraz > hʷaþar > hwaþar
PGmc *hʷaþera-	OE hwæþer	who of two?	hʷaþera- > hʷaþar > hwaþar > hwæþer
PNWGmc *nāhʷ-	OE nēah	near	nāhʷ- > nāhw > nēah
PGmc *nēhʷa-	OE nēah	near	nēhʷa- > nāhʷ > nāhw > nēah
PGmc *arhʷō-	OE earh	arrow	arhʷō- > arhʷu > arhwu > earh
PGmc *ehʷa-	OE eoh	horse	ehʷa- > ehʷ > ehw > ēo	ēo
PGmc *ferhʷa-	OE feorh	life, essence	ferhʷa- > ferhʷ > ferhw > feorh
PGmc *furhʷōn-	OE furh	fir	furhʷōn- > forhʷōn > forhwōn > fōran	fōran
PGmc *hurhʷa-	OE horh	dirt, mucus	hurhʷa- > horhʷ > horhw > horh
PGmc *hʷaja-	OE hwæġ	whey	hʷaja- > hʷaj > hwaj > hweġ	hweġ
PGmc *hʷalfa-	OE hwealf	vault	hʷalfa- > hʷalf > hwalf > hwealf
PGmc *hʷar	OE hwær	where	hʷar > hwar > hwær
PGmc *hʷassa-	OE hwæs	sharp	hʷassa- > hʷass > hwass > hwæss	hwæss
PGmc *hʷata-	OE hwæt	quick	hʷata- > hʷat > hwat > hwæt
PGmc *hʷehla-	OE hwēol	wheel	hʷehla- > hʷehl > hwehl > hwēol
PGmc *hʷera-	OE hwer	kettle	hʷera- > hʷer > hwer
PGmc *hʷerhʷetjō-	OE hwerhwette	gourd(?)	hʷerhʷetjō- > hʷerhʷetju > hwerhwetju > hwēorett	hwēorett
PGmc *hʷēsan-	OE hwǣsan	wheeze	hʷēsan- > hʷāsan > hwāsan > hwǣsan
PGmc *hʷīlō-	OE hwīl	while	hʷīlō- > hʷīlu > hwīlu > hwīl
PGmc *hʷīnan-	OE hwīnan	whistle, whiz	hʷīnan- > hwīnan
PGmc *hʷītaz	OE hʷīt	white	hʷītaz > hʷīt > hwīt	hwīt
PGmc *hʷōsan-	OE hwōsan	cough	hʷōsan- > hwōsan
PGmc *līhʷan-	OE lēon	to lend	līhʷan- > līhwan > lēon
PGmc *sīhʷan-	OE sēon	percolate	sīhʷan- > sīhwan > sēon
PGmc *þerhʷe	OE þerh	through	þerhʷe > þerhwe > þēore	þēore
PGmc *hʷa-	OE hwā	who? what?	hʷa- > hwa > hwǣ	hwǣ
PGmc *līhʷaną	*līhwan	to lend	līhʷaną > līhʷan > līhwan

Sequences

pgmc-to-pwgmc: previous pwgmc-final-a, next pwgmc-final-j-w
pgmc-to-oe: previous pwgmc-final-a, next pwgmc-final-j-w
pnwgmc-to-pwgmc: previous pwgmc-final-a, next pwgmc-final-j-w
pnwgmc-to-oe: previous pwgmc-final-a, next pwgmc-final-j-w