From Proto-West Germanic to Old English

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PWGmc *haim	hām	native place	haim > hām
PGmc *haima-	hām	native place	haima- > haim > hām
PWGmc *stain	stān	stone	stain > stān
PWGmc *daili	dǣl	part	daili > dāli > dǣl
PWGmc *taihā	tā	toe	taihā > taihǣ > tāhǣ > tā
PGmc *taihʷō-	tā	toe	taihʷō- > taihwu > tāhwu > tāh	tāh
PWGmc *hwaitī	hwǣte	wheat	hwaitī > hwātī > hwǣte
PGmc *hʷaitja-	hwǣte	wheat	hʷaitja- > hwaiti > hwāti > hwǣt	hwǣt
PWGmc *kwainōn	cwānian	to lament	kwainōn > kwainān > kwānān > cwānan	cwānan
PGmc *kʷainōjan-	cwānian	to lament	kʷainōjan- > kwainōjan > kwānōjan > cwānian
PWGmc *aij	ǣġ	egg	aij > āj > ǣġ
PWGmc *laizijan	lǣran	to teach	laizijan > lairjan > lārjan > lǣran
PGmc *laizjan-	lǣran	to teach	laizjan- > lairjan > lārjan > lǣran
PGmc *hlaibaz	hlāf	bread	hlaibaz > hlaiβ > hlāβ > hlāf
PGmc *aiþaz	āþ	oath	aiþaz > aiþ > āþ
PGmc *hailaz	hāl	unhurt, healthy	hailaz > hail > hāl
PGmc *haila-	hāl	unhurt, healthy	haila- > hail > hāl
PGmc *sairą	sār	pain, wound	sairą > sair > sār
PGmc *snaiwaz	snāw	snow	snaiwaz > snaiw > snāw
PWGmc *saipā	sāpe	soap	saipā > saipǣ > sāpǣ > sāpe
PGmc *saipwōn-	sāpe	soap	saipwōn- > saipwān > sāpwān > sāpwan	sāpwan
PWGmc *gaist	gāst	spirit	gaist > gāst
PGmc *gaista-	gāst	spirit, ghost	gaista- > gaist > gāst
PWGmc *aiskōn	āscian	to ask	aiskōn > aiskān > āskān > āscan	āscan
PWGmc *raikijan	rǣċan	to reach	raikijan > raikjan > rākjan > rǣċan
PWGmc *arbaiþi	earfoþ	hardship, hard labor	arbaiþi > ærβaiþi > ærβāþi > earfaþ	earfaþ
PNWGmc *hnaigijaną	hnǣġan	to lower, to cause to bow	hnaigijaną > hnaigjan > hnāgjan > hnǣġan
PGmc *hnaigjan-	hnǣġan	make bow (down)	hnaigjan- > hnāgjan > hnǣġan
PWGmc *flaiski	flǣsċ	flesh, meat	flaiski > flāski > flǣsċ
PWGmc *waigī	wǣġe	cup	waigī > wāgī > wǣġe
PGmc *airiz	ǣr	earlier	airiz > airi > āri > ǣr
PGmc *hailijaną	hǣlan	to heal, to cure	hailijaną > hailjan > hāljan > hǣlan
PGmc *laibijaną	lǣfan	to leave (over)	laibijaną > laiβjan > lāβjan > lǣfan
PGmc *laibjan-	lǣfan	to leave (over)	laibjan- > lāβjan > lǣfan
PGmc *laidijaną	lǣdan	to make go	laidijaną > laidjan > lādjan > lǣdan
PGmc *laidjan-	lǣdan	to make go	laidjan- > lādjan > lǣdan
PGmc *laistijaną	lǣstan	to follow	laistijaną > laistjan > lāstjan > lǣstan
PGmc *aihtiz	ǣht	property, possessions	aihtiz > aihti > āhti > ǣht
PGmc *haiþī	hǣþ	open country	haiþī > haiþi > hāþi > hǣþ
PWGmc *þaisimō	þǣsma	yeast	þaisimō > þaisimā > þāsimā > þǣsma
PWGmc *laiwazikā	lāwriċe	lark	laiwazikā > laiwærikǣ > lāwærikǣ > lawrċe	lawrċe
PGmc *laiwizakōn-	lāwriċe	lark	laiwizakōn- > laiwirækān > lāwirækān > lǣracan	lǣracan
PWGmc *skuldihaitijō	sċyldhǣta	deputy, bailiff	skuldihaitijō > skuldihaitjā > skuldihātjā > sċyldēota	sċyldēota
PNWGmc *raidu	rād	act of raiding	raidu > rādu > rād
PWGmc *laibu	lāf	what is left, remainder	laibu > lāβu > lāf
PWGmc *raihō	rā	red deer	raihō > raihā > rāhā > rā
PGmc *raiha-	rā	roe deer	raiha- > raih > rāh	rāh
PWGmc *slaihā	slā	sloe, blackthorn fruit	slaihā > slaihǣ > slāhǣ > slā
PWGmc *auhaim	ēam	uncle	auhaim > ēahām > ēam
PWGmc *hailag	hāliġ	holy	hailag > hailæg > hālæg > hāliġ
PWGmc *haitan	hatan	to address, to call	haitan > hātan	hātan
PGmc *ainagaz	ǣniġ	only; sole; singular; unique	ainagaz > ainæg > ānæg > āniġ	āniġ
PWGmc *flaiski	flæsċ	flesh, meat	flaiski > flāski > flǣsċ	flǣsċ
PWGmc *faitid	fǣtt	fattened, made fat	faitid > fātid > fǣted	fǣted
PGmc *saiwiz	sǣ	sea	saiwiz > saiwi > sāwi > sǣ
PGmc *saiwalō	sāwl	soul	saiwalō > saiwæl > sāwæl > sāwel	sāwel
PWGmc *taikn	tācen	sign	taikn > tākn > tācen
PWGmc *faikn	fācen	hostility, evil	faikn > fākn > fācen
PGmc *aibra-	āfor	harsh	aibra- > aiβr > āβr > āfor
PGmc *aida-	ād	pyre	aida- > aid > ād
PGmc *aigan-	āgan	own, possess	aigan- > āgan
PGmc *aigena-	āgen	own	aigena- > aigen > āgen
PGmc *aikʷernan-	ācweorn	squirrel	aikʷernan- > aikwærnan > ākwærnan > ācearnan	ācearnan
PGmc *ailida-	ǣled	fire	ailida- > ailid > ālid > ǣled
PGmc *aima-uzjōn-	ǣmyrie	embers	aima-uzjōn- > aimæ-urjān > āmæ-urjān > ām-orian	ām-orian
PGmc *ainalifa-	endlufon	eleven	ainalifa- > ainælif > ānælif > ānlef	ānlef
PGmc *aitra-	āttor	poison; pus	aitra- > aitr > ātr > ātor	ātor
PGmc *aiþja-	ǣþe	capable of taking an oath	aiþja- > aiþi > āþi > ǣþ	ǣþ
PGmc *aiþma-	āðum	son-in-law	aiþma- > aiþm > āþm > āðum
PGmc *airō-	ār	oar	airō- > airu > āru > ār
PGmc *aik-	āc	oak	aik- > āc
PGmc *aina-	ān	one	aina- > ain > ān
PGmc *airu-	ār	messenger	airu- > āru > ār
PGmc *aiza-	ār	ore, brass	aiza- > air > ār
PGmc *aizō-	ār	respect, benevolence	aizō- > airu > āru > ār
PGmc *ainahan-	ānga	sole	ainahan- > ainæhan > ānæhan > ānēan	ānēan
PGmc *aista-	āst	kiln	aista- > aist > āst
PGmc *aiwa-	ǣ	law	aiwa- > aiw > āw	āw
PWGmc *aiwi	ǣ	law	aiwi > āwi > ǣ
PGmc *baidjan-	bǣdan	force, demand	baidjan- > bādjan > bǣdan
PGmc *baina-	bān	bone, leg	baina- > bain > bān
PGmc *baira-	bār	boar	baira- > bair > bār
PGmc *baita-	bāt	boat	baita- > bait > bāt
PGmc *blaika-	blāc	pale	blaika- > blaik > blāc
PGmc *blaita-	blāt	pale	blaita- > blait > blāt
PGmc *braida-	brād	broad	braida- > braid > brād
PGmc *daiga-	dāh	dough	daiga- > daig > dāg	dāg
PGmc *daila-	dāl	share, part	daila- > dail > dāl
PGmc *draibō-	drāf	driving, drift	draibō- > draiβu > drāβu > drāf
PGmc *faigi-	fǣġe	bound to die	faigi- > fāgi > fǣġ	fǣġ
PGmc *faiha-	fāh	hostile	faiha- > faih > fāh
PGmc *faiha-	fāh	colored	faiha- > faih > fāh
PGmc *fraisan-	frāsian	tempt	fraisan- > frāsan	frāsan
PGmc *gaidwa-	gād	lack	gaidwa- > gaiuw > gāuw > gāow	gāow
PGmc *gait-	gāt	goat	gait- > gāt
PGmc *gnaista-	gnāst	spark	gnaista- > gnaist > gnāst
PGmc *graipōn-	grāpian	grope	graipōn- > graipōjan > grāpōjan > grāpian
PGmc *haidra-	hādor	clear	haidra- > haidr > hādr > hādor
PGmc *haifsti-	hǣst	conflict	haifsti- > hāfsti > hæfst	hæfst
PGmc *hainō-	hān	whetstone	hainō- > hainu > hānu > hān
PGmc *haira-	hār	hoary, grey-haired	haira- > hair > hār
PGmc *hairsa-	hās	hoarse	hairsa- > hairs > hārs	hārs
PGmc *haita-	hāt	hot	haita- > hait > hāt
PGmc *haitan-	hātan	call	haitan- > hātan
PGmc *hlainjan-	hlǣnan	cause to lean	hlainjan- > hlānjan > hlǣnan
PGmc *hlaiwa-	hlāw	barrow, funeral mound	hlaiwa- > hlaiw > hlāw
PGmc *hraigran-	hrāgra	heron	hraigran- > hrāgran	hrāgran
PGmc *hrairja-	hrēre-brǣd	rear	hrairja- > hrairi > hrāri > hrǣr	hrǣr
PGmc *hraiwa-	hrǣ	dead body, death	hraiwa- > hraiw > hrāw	hrāw
PGmc *kaiba-	cāf	sharp(?), crooked(?)	kaiba- > kaiβ > kāβ > cāf
PGmc *klainja-	clǣne	fine	klainja- > klaini > klāni > clǣn	clǣn
PGmc *klaiþa-	clōþ	cloth	klaiþa- > klaiþ > clāþ	clāþ
PGmc *klaiwiz-	clāfre	clover	klaiwiz- > klaiwi > klāwi > clǣ	clǣ
PGmc *klajja-	clǣġ	clay	klajja- > klaij > klāj > clǣġ
PGmc *laikan-	lācan	jump	laikan- > lācan
PGmc *laiman-	lām	clay	laiman- > lāman	lāman
PGmc *laisizan-	*lǣssa	less	laisizan- > laisiran > lāsiran > lǣsran	lǣsran
PGmc *laisti-	lǣst	track, trace	laisti- > lāsti > lǣst
PGmc *maina-	ge-mǣne	common	maina- > main > mān	mān
PGmc *mainjan-	mǣnian	think	mainjan- > mānjan > mǣnan	mǣnan
PGmc *mairja-	land-gemǣre	mooring-post	mairja- > mairi > māri > mǣr	mǣr
PGmc *maisōn-	māse	titmouse	maisōn- > maisān > māsān > māsan	māsan
PGmc *maiwa-	māw	sea-gull	maiwa- > maiw > māw
PGmc *maizan-	māra	more	maizan- > mairan > māran	māran
PGmc *paidō-	pād	coat, shirt	paidō- > paidu > pādu > pād
PGmc *raida-	rǣde	arranged, prepared	raida- > raid > rād	rād
PGmc *raihō-	rāwe	row	raihō- > raihu > rāhu > rāh	rāh
PGmc *raipa-	rāp	strap	raipa- > raip > rāp
PGmc *raizjan-	rǣran	cause to rise, raise	raizjan- > rairjan > rārjan > rǣran
PGmc *saila-	sāl	rope	saila- > sail > sāl
PGmc *slaiwa-	slāw	lethargic	slaiwa- > slaiw > slāw
PGmc *spaitan-	spātan	spit	spaitan- > spātan
PGmc *spraidjan-	sprǣdan	spread, disperse	spraidjan- > sprādjan > sprǣdan
PGmc *swaipan-	swāpan	sweep	swaipan- > swāpan
PGmc *swaita-	swāt	sweat	swaita- > swait > swāt
PGmc *taikna-	tācn	sign	taikna- > taikn > tācn
PGmc *taikʷer-	tācor	brother-in-law	taikʷer- > taikwær > tākwær > tācer	tācer
PGmc *taina-	tān	sprig	taina- > tain > tān
PGmc *taisjan-	tǣsan	pluck, card, prick	taisjan- > tāsjan > tǣsan
PGmc *þaismjan-	þǣsma	sourdough	þaismjan- > þāsmjan > þǣsman	þǣsman
PGmc *wai	wā	woe	wai > wā
PGmc *waika-	wāc	weak	waika- > waik > wāc
PGmc *waisunda-	wāsend	windpipe; gullet	waisunda- > waisund > wāsund	wāsund
PGmc *wlaitōn-	wlātian	look	wlaitōn- > wlaitōjan > wlātōjan > wlātian
PGmc *wraiþa-	wrǣþ	twisted; angry	wraiþa- > wraiþ > wrāþ	wrāþ
PGmc *taikjan-	tǣċan	show	taikjan- > tākjan > tǣċan

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PWGmc *raud	rēad	red	raud > rēad
PGmc *gaumijaną	ġīeman	to observe	gaumijaną > gaumjan > gēamjan > ġīeman
PWGmc *skaunī	sċīene	beautiful	skaunī > skēanī > sċīene
PNWGmc *gaukaz	ġēac	cuckoo	gaukaz > gauk > gēak > ġēac
PGmc *gauka-	ġēac	cuckoo	gauka- > gauk > gēak > ġēac
PNWGmc *skaubą	sċēaf	sheaf	skaubą > skauβ > skēaβ > sċēaf
PWGmc *kaup	ċēap	trade, purchase	kaup > kēap > ċēap
PNWGmc *baunu	bēan	bean	baunu > bēanu > bēan
PGmc *baunō-	bēan	bean	baunō- > baunu > bēanu > bēan
PWGmc *awwju	īeġ	island	awwju > auju > ēaju > īeġ
PWGmc *glauw	glēaw	exact	glauw > glēaw
PGmc *glawwa-	glēaw	exact	glawwa- > glauw > glēaw
PWGmc *hauwan	hēawan	chop	hauwan > hēawan
PWGmc *hauzijan	hīeran	to hear	hauzijan > haurjan > hēarjan > hīeran
PGmc *hauzjan-	hīeran	to hear	hauzjan- > haurjan > hēarjan > hīeran
PGmc *hlaupaną	hlēapan	to run, to jump	hlaupaną > hlaupan > hlēapan
PGmc *laubaz	lēaf	leaf	laubaz > lauβ > lēaβ > lēaf
PGmc *straumaz	strēam	stream	straumaz > straum > strēam
PGmc *dauþuz	dēaþ	death	dauþuz > dauþu > dēaþu > dēaþ
PGmc *daudaz	dēad	dead	daudaz > daud > dēad
PGmc *lausaz	lēas	free (from)	lausaz > laus > lēas
PGmc *lausa-	lēas	free (from)	lausa- > laus > lēas
PGmc *auk	ēac	also	auk > ēac
PGmc *auke	ēac	and; again, but	auke > ēace	ēace
PGmc *hauhaz	hēah	high	hauhaz > hauh > hēah
PNWGmc *auraz	ēar	earth	auraz > aur > ēar
PNWGmc *nautą	nēat	bovine, ox	nautą > naut > nēat
PGmc *nauta-	nēat	cattle	nauta- > naut > nēat
PNWGmc *raukijaną	rīeċan	to cause smoke, to smoke (meat etc.)	raukijaną > raukjan > rēakjan > rīeċan
PNWGmc *laugiz	līeġ	flame	laugiz > laugi > lēagi > līeġ
PNWGmc *baugijaną	bīeġan	to bend	baugijaną > baugjan > bēagjan > bīeġan
PGmc *baugjan-	bīeġan	(make) bend	baugjan- > bēagjan > bīeġan
PGmc *hauhiþō	hīehþ	height	hauhiþō > hauhiþu > hēahiþu > hīehþ
PGmc *galaubijaną	ġelīefan	to believe	galaubijaną > gælauβjan > gælēaβjan > ġælīefan	ġælīefan
PGmc *lausijaną	līesan	to release, to set free	lausijaną > lausjan > lēasjan > līesan
PGmc *hlautiz	hlīet	lot	hlautiz > hlauti > hlēati > hlīet
PWGmc *auþī	īeþe	easy	auþī > ēaþī > īeþe
PGmc *auþu-	īeþe	easy	auþu- > ēaþu > ēaþ	ēaþ
PWGmc *kawwjan	ċīeġan	to call	kawwjan > kaujan > kēajan > ċīeġan
PGmc *kaujan-	ċīeġan	call, shout	kaujan- > kēajan > ċīeġan
PGmc *lausungō	lēasung	releasing, liberation; removal	lausungō > lausung > lēasung
PWGmc *baukn	bēacen	sign	baukn > bēakn > bēacen
PGmc *audana-	ēaden	granted	audana- > audan > ēadan	ēadan
PGmc *aukan-	ēacian	grow	aukan- > ēacan	ēacan
PGmc *augōn-	ēage	eye	augōn- > augān > ēagān > ēagan	ēagan
PGmc *austera-	ēast	east, eastwards	austera- > austær > ēastær > ēaster	ēaster
PGmc *austrōn-	ēastre	Easter	austrōn- > austrān > ēastrān > ēastran	ēastran
PGmc *auzōn-	ēare	ear	auzōn- > aurān > ēarān > ēaran	ēaran
PGmc *bautan-	bēatan	beat	bautan- > bēatan
PGmc *blauta-	blēat	soft	blauta- > blaut > blēat
PGmc *blauþu-	blēaþ	soft, weak, timid	blauþu- > blēaþu > blēaþ
PGmc *brauda-	brēad	bread	brauda- > braud > brēad
PGmc *dauba-	dēaf	deaf; sluggish; numb	dauba- > dauβ > dēaβ > dēaf
PGmc *daujan-	dīeġan	die	daujan- > dēajan > dīeġan
PGmc *dawwa-	dēaw	dew	dawwa- > dauw > dēaw
PGmc *draugja-	drȳge	dry	draugja- > draugi > drēagi > drīeġ	drīeġ
PGmc *drauma-	drēam	dream	drauma- > draum > drēam
PGmc *draupjan-	drīepan	make drip	draupjan- > drēapjan > drīepan
PGmc *flauhō-	flēah	flea	flauhō- > flauhu > flēahu > flēah
PGmc *flauti-	flīte	cream	flauti- > flēati > flīet	flīet
PGmc *frauja-	frēa	lord	frauja- > frauj > frēaj > frīeġ	frīeġ
PGmc *gauja-	-gē	district, region	gauja- > gauj > gēaj > ġīeġ	ġīeġ
PGmc *glauma-	glēam	jubilation	glauma- > glaum > glēam
PGmc *grauta-	grēat	coarse	grauta- > graut > grēat
PGmc *haubeda-	hēafod	head	haubeda- > hauβed > hēaβed > hēafed	hēafed
PGmc *hauhaz	hēa	high	hauhaz > hauh > hēah	hēah
PGmc *hauja-	hīeġ	hay	hauja- > hauj > hēaj > hīeġ
PGmc *haujan-	hēgan	see to(?)	haujan- > hēajan > hīeġan	hīeġan
PGmc *haula-	hēala	hernia, lump	haula- > haul > hēal	hēal
PGmc *haupa-	hēap	pile, heap	haupa- > haup > hēap
PGmc *hnawwu-	hnēaw	stingy; tight	hnawwu- > hnauwu > hnēawu > hnēaw
PGmc *hrauka-	hrēac	pile, rick	hrauka- > hrauk > hrēac
PGmc *kawō-	ċēo	jackdaw	kawō- > kau > kēa > ċēa	ċēa
PGmc *klawō-	clāwu	claw	klawō- > klau > clēa	clēa
PGmc *lauda-	lēad	lead	lauda- > laud > lēad
PGmc *laugnjan-	līegnian	keep hidden, deny	laugnjan- > lēagnjan > līegnan	līegnan
PGmc *lauka-	lēac	onion, leek	lauka- > lauk > lēac
PGmc *launa-	lēan	reward, recompense	launa- > laun > lēan
PGmc *lauþra-	lēaðor	lather	lauþra- > lauþr > lēaþr > lēaðor
PGmc *lawwō-	lim-lǣw	groove	lawwō- > lauwu > lēawu > lēaw	lēaw
PGmc *nauþi-	nīed	compulsion, distress	nauþi- > nēaþi > nīeþ	nīeþ
PGmc *rauba-	rēaf	loot	rauba- > rauβ > rēaβ > rēaf
PGmc *rauki-	rēc	smoke	rauki- > rēaki > rīeċ	rīeċ
PGmc *raupjan-	rīepan	tear (off)	raupjan- > rēapjan > rīepan
PGmc *sauma-	sēam	seam	sauma- > saum > sēam
PGmc *sauþa-	sēað	broth	sauþa- > sauþ > sēað
PGmc *sauza-	sēar	dry	sauza- > saur > sēar
PGmc *sawwa-	sēaw	juice	sawwa- > sauw > sēaw
PGmc *skauta-	sċēat	seam	skauta- > skaut > skēat > sċēat
PGmc *skraudan-	sċrēadian	cut, shred	skraudan- > skrēadan > sċrēadan	sċrēadan
PGmc *stauma-	stēam	steam	stauma- > staum > stēam
PGmc *staupa-	stēap	steep	staupa- > staup > stēap
PGmc *straujan-	strēowian	strew	straujan- > strēajan > strīeġan	strīeġan
PGmc *taujan-	tawian	do, make	taujan- > tēajan > tīeġan	tīeġan
PGmc *tauma-	tēam	rein, bridle, rope	tauma- > taum > tēam
PGmc *þrawō-	þrēa	longing, suffering	þrawō- > þrau > þrēa
PGmc *daugjan-	*dīeġan	endure	daugjan- > dēagjan > dīeġan
PGmc *straupjan-	*strīepan	strip	straupjan- > strēapjan > strīepan
PGmc *raubjan-	*rīefan	break (off), tear off, rob	raubjan- > rēaβjan > rīefan
PGmc *slaupjan-	slīepan	roll up	slaupjan- > slēapjan > slīepan

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PWGmc *feuwar	fēower	four	feuwar > feuwær > fēowær > fēower
PGmc *fedwar-	fēower	four	fedwar- > feuwær > fēowær > fēower
PWGmc *deup	dēop	deep	deup > dēop
PWGmc *þeu	þēo	slave	þeu > þēo
PWGmc *keusan	ċēosan	to choose	keusan > kēosan > ċēosan
PGmc *keusan-	ċēosan	to test	keusan- > kēosan > ċēosan
PWGmc *geutan	ġēotan	to pour	geutan > gēotan > ġēotan
PNWGmc *skeutaną	sċēotan	to shoot	skeutaną > skeutan > skēotan > sċēotan
PGmc *skeutan-	sċēotan	shoot, dash	skeutan- > skēotan > sċēotan
PNWGmc *keulaz	ċēol	keel, ship	keulaz > keul > kēol > ċēol
PNWGmc *leuhmô	lēoma	light	leuhmô > leuhmā > lēohmā > lēoma
PGmc *leuhman-	lēoma	beam of light	leuhman- > lēohman > lēoman	lēoman
PGmc *freusaną	frēosan	to freeze	freusaną > freusan > frēosan
PGmc *seukaz	sēoc	sick	seukaz > seuk > sēoc
PGmc *fleuganą	flēogan	to fly	fleuganą > fleugan > flēogan
PGmc *teuhaną	tēon	to pull	teuhaną > teuhan > tēohan > tēon
PNWGmc *breustą	brēost	breast	breustą > breust > brēost
PGmc *breusta-	brēost	breast, chest	breusta- > breust > brēost
PWGmc *leuþ	lēoþ	song	leuþ > lēoþ
PWGmc *beur	bēor	beer	beur > bēor
PGmc *beura-	bēor	beer	beura- > beur > bēor
PGmc *seuni-	sīen	sight	seuni- > sēoni > sēon	sēon
PGmc *deurja-	dīere	precious, valuable, expensive	deurja- > deuri > dēori > dēor	dēor
PGmc *steurjan-	stīeran	direct	steurjan- > stēorjan > stēoran	stēoran
PGmc *fleuhaną	flēon	to flee	fleuhaną > fleuhan > flēohan > flēon
PGmc *þleuhan-	flēon	to flee	þleuhan- > þlēohan > þlēon	þlēon
PWGmc *hleuþr	hlēoþor	noise	hleuþr > hlēoþr > hlēoþor
PGmc *heuja-	hīw	visible layer, appearance	heuja- > heuj > hēoj > hēoġ	hēoġ
PWGmc *beud	bēod	dish, table	beud > bēod
PGmc *seuþaną	sēoþan	to seethe; boil	seuþaną > seuþan > sēoþan
PGmc *beudan-	bēodan	command; to offer	beudan- > bēodan
PGmc *beusta-	bēost	beestings	beusta- > beust > bēost
PGmc *bewwa-	bēow	yield; barley	bewwa- > beuw > bēow
PGmc *breutan-	brēotan	break (open), bud	breutan- > brēotan
PGmc *brewwan-	brēowan	brew	brewwan- > breuwan > brēowan
PGmc *deuza-	dēor	(wild) animal	deuza- > deur > dēor
PGmc *dreugan-	drēogan	do a duty(?)	dreugan- > drēogan
PGmc *dreupan-	drēopan	droop; to drip	dreupan- > drēopan
PGmc *dreusan-	drēosan	fall	dreusan- > drēosan
PGmc *eudra-	ūder	udder	eudra- > eudr > ēodr > ēodor	ēodor
PGmc *eup	up	up, upwards	eup > ēop	ēop
PGmc *fewurþan-	fēorþa	fourth	fewurþan- > feurþan > fēorþan	fēorþan
PGmc *fleugōn-	flēoge	fly	fleugōn- > fleugān > flēogān > flēogan	flēogan
PGmc *fleusiz-	flēos	fleece	fleusiz- > fleusi > flēosi > flēos
PGmc *fleuta-	flēot	stream	fleuta- > fleut > flēot
PGmc *fleutan-	flēotan	float, stream	fleutan- > flēotan
PGmc *fneusan-	fnēosan	sneeze	fneusan- > fnēosan
PGmc *geupan-	ġēopan	be hollow	geupan- > gēopan > ġēopan
PGmc *heupan-	hēope	rose hip	heupan- > hēopan	hēopan
PGmc *hleutan-	hlēotan	obtain by lot	hleutan- > hlēotan
PGmc *hleuza-	hlēor	cheek	hleuza- > hleur > hlēor
PGmc *hreuba-	hrēof	scabby	hreuba- > hreuβ > hrēoβ > hrēof
PGmc *hreuda-	hrēod	reed	hreuda- > hreud > hrēod
PWGmc *hreuwan	hrēowan	to cause pain / regret	hreuwan > hrēowan
PGmc *kewwan-	ċēowan	chew	kewwan- > keuwan > kēowan > ċēowan
PGmc *kleuban-	clēofan	cleave, split	kleuban- > klēoβan > clēofan
PGmc *kreudan-	crēodan	push forward	kreudan- > crēodan
PGmc *kreupan-	crēopan	crawl	kreupan- > crēopan
PGmc *leuba-	lēof	dear, beloved	leuba- > leuβ > lēoβ > lēof
PGmc *leudan-	lēodan	grow	leudan- > lēodan
PGmc *leugan-	lēogan	lie	leugan- > lēogan
PGmc *leuhada-	lēoht	light	leuhada- > leuhæd > lēohæd > lēod	lēod
PGmc *meusa-	mēos	moss	meusa- > meus > mēos
PGmc *neuhsjan-	nēosan	search out	neuhsjan- > neusjan > nēosjan > nēosan
PGmc *neuja-	nīwe	new	neuja- > neuj > nēoj > nēoġ	nēoġ
PGmc *neutan-	nēotan	make use of, enjoy	neutan- > nēotan
PGmc *newun-	nigon	nine	newun- > neun > nēon	nēon
PGmc *newunþan-	nigoða	ninth	newunþan- > neunþan > nēonþan	nēonþan
PGmc *preuna-	prēon	needle, pin	preuna- > preun > prēon
PGmc *reuda-	rēod	red	reuda- > reud > rēod
PGmc *reudan-	rēodan	make red	reudan- > rēodan
PGmc *reudan-	rēodan	clear, remove, eradicate	reudan- > rēodan
PGmc *reufan-	rēofan	break (off)	reufan- > rēofan
PGmc *reukan-	rēocan	smoke; to drift, fly	reukan- > rēocan
PGmc *reuman-	rēoma	strap, belt	reuman- > rēoman	rēoman
PGmc *reuman-	rēoma	cream	reuman- > rēoman	rēoman
PGmc *reutan-	rēotan	cry	reutan- > rēotan
PGmc *seuda-	sēod	purse, money-bag	seuda- > seud > sēod
PGmc *skeuban-	sċēofan	shove	skeuban- > skēoβan > sċēofan
PGmc *smeukan-	smēocan	smoke	smeukan- > smēocan
PGmc *steura-	stēor	bull	steura- > steur > stēor
PGmc *teuna-	tēon	damage	teuna- > teun > tēon
PGmc *trewwu-	trīewe	loyal, trustworthy	trewwu- > treuwu > trēowu > trēow	trēow
PGmc *þeuba-	þēof	thief	þeuba- > þeuβ > þēoβ > þēof
PGmc *þeudja-	ge-þīede	favorable	þeudja- > þeudi > þēodi > þēod	þēod
PGmc *þeudō-	þēod	nation, people	þeudō- > þeudu > þēodu > þēod
PGmc *þeuha-	þēoh	thigh	þeuha- > þeuh > þēoh
PGmc *þeutan-	þēotan	howl, roar	þeutan- > þēotan
PGmc *þreutan-	þrēotan	bother	þreutan- > þrēotan
PGmc *freuþan-	*frēoðan	froth	freuþan- > frēoðan
PGmc *hneupan-	*hnēopan	pluck	hneupan- > hnēopan
PGmc *leusan-	*lēosan	lose	leusan- > lēosan

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PGmc *siuniz	sīen	sight	siuniz > siuni > sīoni > sīen
PGmc *liuhtijaną	līehtan	to shine	liuhtijaną > liuhtjan > līohtjan > līehtan
PNWGmc *diurijaz	dīere	valuable	diurijaz > diurī > dīorī > dīere
PNWGmc *stiurijaną	stīeran	to steer, to direct	stiurijaną > stiurjan > stīorjan > stīeran
PWGmc *niudi	nīed	desire, eagerness	niudi > nīodi > nīed
PWGmc *kliuwīn	clīewen	little ball	kliuwīn > klīowīn > clīeen	clīeen
PWGmc *striunijan	strīenan	to acquire, to gain	striunijan > striunjan > strīonjan > strīenan
PWGmc *niuhsijan	nēosan	to spy	niuhsijan > niusjan > nīosjan > nīesan	nīesan
PGmc *siujan-	seowian	sew	siujan- > sīojan > sīeġan	sīeġan

Sequences

pwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-awwj, next oe-breaking-before-h
pgmc-to-oe: previous oe-awwj, next oe-breaking-before-h
pnwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-awwj, next oe-breaking-before-h