Etymograph > Indo-European > Proto-West Germanic > Dictionary > *arbaiþi

hardship, hard labor

Source: Ringe 2014:180
originates from: PGmc *arbaiþiz "hardship, hard labor" (arbaiþiz > arβēþiz > arβēþi > arβēþ) through pgmc-to-pwgmc
(source: Ringe 2014:180)
Words originating from this one
OE earfoþ "hardship, hard labor" (arbaiþi > ærβaiþi > ærβāþi > earβāþi > earβāþ > earfāþ > earfaþ) through pwgmc-to-oe
(source: Ringe 2014:180)