Etymograph > Indo-European > Old English > Rules > pre-oe-a-fronting

From Proto-West Germanic to Old English

• {a|ā} > {æ|ǣ} / _{!w|wi} if sound is stressed non-diphthong

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PNWGmc *dagumaz	dagum	day.dat.pl	dagumaz > dagum > dægum > dagum
PWGmc *dagē	dæġe	day.dat	dagē > dægē > dæġe
PWGmc *maiz	mā	more	maiz > mā > mǣ	mǣ
PWGmc *haft	hæft	captive	haft > hæft
PWGmc *fader	fæder	father	fader > fæder
PGmc *fader-	fæder	father	fader- > fadar > fædær > fæder
PWGmc *slāpan	slǣpan	sleep	slāpan > slǣpan > slāpan	slāpan
PWGmc *ahtō	eahta	eight	ahtō > æhtō > eahta
PGmc *ahtau	eahta	eight	ahtau > ahtō > æhtō > eahta
PWGmc *arm	earm	arm	arm > ærm > earm
PWGmc *swart	sweart	black	swart > swært > sweart
PWGmc *halm	healm	straw	halm > hælm > healm
PGmc *halma-	healm	straw	halma- > halm > hælm > healm
PWGmc *hals	heals	neck	hals > hæls > heals
PWGmc *latōst	latost	most recently	latōst > lætōst > latast	latast
PWGmc *ārundī	ǣrende	message, errand	ārundī > ǣrundī > āronde	āronde
PGmc *arundja-	ǣrende	errand	arundja- > arund > ærund > arond	arond
PWGmc *kalb	ċealf	calf	kalb > kælβ > ċealf
PGmc *kalbiz-	ċealf	calf	kalbiz- > kalβi > kælβi > ċielf	ċielf
PGmc *kaldaz	ċeald	cold	kaldaz > kald > kæld > ċeald
PGmc *gardaz	ġeard	enclosure	gardaz > gard > gærd > ġeard
PGmc *garda-	ġeard	enclosure	garda- > gard > gærd > ġeard
PGmc *galgô	ġealga	gallows	galgô > galgō > gælgō > ġealga
PGmc *galgan-	ġealga	gallows	galgan- > gælgan > ġealgan	ġealgan
PNWGmc *garną	ġearn	yarn	garną > garn > gærn > ġearn
PNWGmc *galdraz	ġealdor	incantation	galdraz > galdr > gældr > ġealdor
PNWGmc *skardaz	sċeard	damaged, notched	skardaz > skard > skærd > sċeard
PWGmc *skarp	sċearp	sharp	skarp > skærp > sċearp
PGmc *skarpa-	sċearp	sharp	skarpa- > skarp > skærp > sċearp
PWGmc *kaldī	ċieldu	coldness	kaldī > kældī > ċielde	ċielde
PWGmc *lākī	lǣċe	physician	lākī > lǣkī > lǣċe
PGmc *lēkja-	lǣċe	doctor; leech	lēkja- > lāki > lǣki > lǣċ	lǣċ
PGmc *slagiz	sleġe	blow, stroke	slagiz > slagi > slægi > sleġe
PGmc *dagaz	dæġ	day	dagaz > dag > dæg > dæġ
PGmc *skattaz	sċeatt	coin, money	skattaz > skatt > skætt > sċeatt
PWGmc *skāp	sċēap	sheep	skāp > skǣp > sċēap
PGmc *matiz	mete	food	matiz > mati > mæti > mete
PGmc *alinō	eln	forearm	alinō > alinu > ælinu > eln
PWGmc *saliþu	seld	dwelling	saliþu > sæliþu > selþ	selþ
PNWGmc *marku	mearc	boundary	marku > mærku > mearc
PWGmc *strālu	strǣl	arrow	strālu > strǣlu > strāl	strāl
PWGmc *gasti	ġiest	guest	gasti > gæsti > ġiest
PWGmc *slahan	slēan	to strike	slahan > slæhan > slēan
PGmc *slahan-	slēan	beat, strike, slay	slahan- > slæhan > slēan
PWGmc *akr	æcer	field	akr > ækr > æcer
PNWGmc *lātaną	lǣtan	to let go, to allow	lātaną > lātan > lǣtan
PNWGmc *grādagaz	grǣdiġ	hungry, greedy	grādagaz > grādag > grǣdæg > grǣdiġ
PNWGmc *māgaz	mǣġ	kinsman	māgaz > māg > mǣg > mǣġ
PGmc *mēga-	mǣġ	kinsman	mēga- > māg > mǣg > mǣġ
PNWGmc *mālą	mǣl	(a) time	mālą > māl > mǣl
PNWGmc *jārą	ġēar	year	jārą > jār > jǣr > ġǣr	ġǣr
PNWGmc *swāraz	swǣr	heavy	swāraz > swār > swǣr
PNWGmc *fātijana	fǣtan	to adorn	fātijana > fātijan > fǣtijan > fǣtan
PNWGmc *dādiz	dǣd	deed	dādiz > dādi > dǣdi > dǣd
PNWGmc *lākinôna	lācnian	to heal	lākinôna > lākinōn > lǣkinōn > lǣcnan	lǣcnan
PNWGmc *mārijaz	mǣre	famous	mārijaz > mārī > mǣrī > mǣre
PNWGmc *grasu	grasu	grass.nom.pl	grasu > græsu > grasu
PNWGmc *badu	beadu	battle	badu > bædu > badu	badu
PWGmc *saru	searu	device, tool, weapon	saru > særu > saru	saru
PGmc *sarwa-	searu	device, tool, weapon	sarwa- > saru > særu > saru	saru
PWGmc *hasu	hasu	gray	hasu > hæsu > hasu
PWGmc *andī	ende	end	andī > andī > ændī > ende
PWGmc *arbī	ierfe	inheritance	arbī > ærβī > ierfe
PGmc *arbja-	ierfe	inheritance	arbja- > arβi > ærβi > ierf	ierf
PWGmc *hwarbōn	hwearfian	to wander around	hwarbōn > hwærβōn > hwearfan	hwearfan
PWGmc *hwal	hwæl	whale	hwal > hwæl
PGmc *hʷali-	hwæl	whale	hʷali- > hwali > hwæli > hwele	hwele
PWGmc *skappjan	sċieppan	to make, to create	skappjan > skæppjan > sċieppan
PWGmc *habbjan	hebban	to lift	habbjan > hæbbjan > hebban
PWGmc *sattjan	settan	to seat, to set	sattjan > sættjan > settan
PGmc *satjan-	settan	to seat, to set	satjan- > sattjan > sættjan > settan
PWGmc *wakkjan	weċċan	to waken	wakkjan > wækkjan > weċċan
PGmc *wakjan-	weċċan	to waken	wakjan- > wakkjan > wækkjan > weċċan
PWGmc *laggjan	leċġan	to lay	laggjan > læggjan > leċġan
PGmc *lagjan-	leċġan	to lay	lagjan- > laggjan > læggjan > leċġan
PWGmc *hlahhjan	hliehhan	to laugh	hlahhjan > hlæhhjan > hliehhan
PWGmc *þannjan	þennan	to extend	þannjan > þannjan > þænnjan > þennan
PWGmc *hallju	hell	hell	hallju > hællju > hell
PWGmc *alljan	ellen	zeal	alljan > ælljan > ellan	ellan
PGmc *aljana-	ellen	zeal	aljana- > alljan > ælljan > ellan	ellan
PWGmc *frammjan	fremman	to further	frammjan > frammjan > fræmmjan > fremman
PWGmc *watar	wæter	water	watar > wætær > wæter
PGmc *watar-	wæter	water	watar- > wætær > wæter
PWGmc *hazjan	herian	to praise	hazjan > harjan > hærjan > herian
PWGmc *wazjan	werian	to clothe	wazjan > warjan > wærjan > werian
PGmc *wazjan-	werian	to clothe	wazjan- > warjan > wærjan > werian
PWGmc *marzijan	mierran	to disturb, to hinder	marzijan > marrijan > mærrijan > merran	merran
PGmc *marzjan-	mierran	to disturb, to hinder, to impede	marzjan- > marrjan > mærrjan > merran	merran
PWGmc *hafr	hæfer	he-goat	hafr > hæfr > hæfer
PGmc *hafra-	hæfer	he-goat	hafra- > hafr > hæfr > hæfer
PWGmc *paþ	pæþ	path	paþ > pæþ
PWGmc *fast	fæst	fixed, firm	fast > fæst
PGmc *fastu-	fæst	fixed, firm	fastu- > fæstu > fast	fast
PWGmc *þak	þæc	roof	þak > þæc
PGmc *þaka-	þæc	roof	þaka- > þak > þæc
PWGmc *nagl	næġl	nail	nagl > nægl > næġl
PWGmc *war	wær	aware, alert	war > wær
PWGmc *smal	smæl	small	smal > smæl
PWGmc *wāpn	wǣpen	weapon	wāpn > wǣpn > wǣpen
PWGmc *swā	swā	so	swā > swǣ	swǣ
PGmc *swē	swā	as, like; so	swē > swā > swǣ	swǣ
PWGmc *fat	fæt	vessel	fat > fæt
PGmc *fata-	fæt	vat, vessel	fata- > fat > fæt
PWGmc *rādan	rǣdan	to consider, to advise	rādan > rǣdan
PGmc *rēdan-	rǣdan	decide	rēdan- > rādan > rǣdan
PWGmc *strātu	strǣt	paved road	strātu > strǣtu > strǣt
PWGmc *lāwijan	lǣwan	to betray	lāwijan > lǣwijan > lǣwan
PWGmc *falþan	fealdan	to roll up, to fold	falþan > fælþan > fealdan
PWGmc *balþ	beald	bold, brave	balþ > bælþ > bealþ	bealþ
PWGmc *garwijan	ġierwan	to prepare	garwijan > gærwijan > ġierwan
PGmc *garwjan-	ġierwan	prepare, make ready	garwjan- > gærwjan > ġierwan
PWGmc *ahslu	eaxl	shoulder-joint	ahslu > æhslu > asl	asl
PNWGmc *wahsaną	weaxan	to grow	wahsaną > wahsan > wæhsan > weaxan
PWGmc *hlahtr	hleahtor	laughter	hlahtr > hlæhtr > hleahtor
PGmc *hlahtra-	hleahtor	laughter	hlahtra- > hlahtr > hlæhtr > hleahtor
PWGmc *flahs	fleax	flax	flahs > flæhs > fleax
PGmc *flahsa-	fleax	flax	flahsa- > flahs > flæhs > fleax
PGmc *þwahaną	þwēan	to wash	þwahaną > þwahan > þwæhan > þwēan
PNWGmc *flahaną	flēan	to skin	flahaną > flahan > flæhan > flēan
PWGmc *lahan	lēan	to reproach	lahan > læhan > lēan
PGmc *lahan-	lēan	blame, reproach	lahan- > læhan > lēan
PGmc *ahʷō	ēa	river	ahʷō > ahwu > æhwu > ēa
PWGmc *arbaiþi	earfoþ	hardship, hard labor	arbaiþi > ærβaiþi > earfaþ	earfaþ
PGmc *barną	bearn	child	barną > barn > bærn > bearn
PGmc *barna-	bearn	child	barna- > barn > bærn > bearn
PWGmc *bard	beard	beard	bard > bærd > beard
PGmc *barzda-	beard	edge, brim; beard	barzda- > barrd > bærrd > beard
PGmc *arsaz	ears	arse	arsaz > ars > ærs > ears
PGmc *farhaz	fearh	piglet	farhaz > farh > færh > fearh
PGmc *farha-	fearh	piglet	farha- > farh > færh > fearh
PWGmc *sparwō	spearwa	sparrow	sparwō > spærwō > spearwa
PGmc *sparwa-	spearwa	sparrow	sparwa- > sparu > spæru > sparo	sparo
PNWGmc *argaz	earg	cowardly, effeminate	argaz > arg > ærg > earg
PWGmc *hwarb	hwearf	turning; exchange; gathering; crowd	hwarb > hwærβ > hwearf
PWGmc *farr	fearr	bull	farr > færr > fearr
PGmc *farza-	fearr	young bull	farza- > farr > færr > fearr
PGmc *saltą	sealt	salt	saltą > salt > sælt > sealt
PGmc *salta-	sealt	salt	salta- > salt > sælt > sealt
PWGmc *haldan	healdan	to keep, to protect	haldan > hældan > healdan
PNWGmc *fallaną	feallan	to fall	fallaną > fallan > fællan > feallan
PNWGmc *hallu	heall	hall	hallu > hællu > heall
PWGmc *anafalt	anfealt	anvil	anafalt > anafalt > ænæfælt > ænfealt	ænfealt
PWGmc *swalwā	swealwe	swallow	swalwā > swælwǣ > swealwe
PGmc *swalwōn-	swealwe	swallow	swalwōn- > swælwōn > swealwan	swealwan
PWGmc *nakwad	nacod	naked	nakwad > nækwæd > næced	næced
PGmc *nakʷeda-	nacod	naked	nakʷeda- > nakwed > nækwed > næced	næced
PNWGmc *nabulô	nafola	navel	nabulô > naβulō > næβulō > nafola
PNWGmc *habukaz	hafoc	hawk	habukaz > haβuk > hæβuk > hafoc
PNWGmc *sadulaz	sadol	saddle	sadulaz > sadul > sædul > sadol
PGmc *sadula-	sadol	saddle	sadula- > sadul > sædul > sadol
PNWGmc *stapulaz	stapol	post, pillar	stapulaz > stapul > stæpul > stapol
PWGmc *wakul	wacol	wakeful, vigilant	wakul > wækul > wacol
PWGmc *gabulu	gafol	fork	gabulu > gæβulu > gafol
PWGmc *magu	magu	boy	magu > mægu > magu
PWGmc *lagu	lagu	water, the sea	lagu > lægu > lagu
PNWGmc *staþulaz	staþol	act of standing; standing thng	staþulaz > staþul > stæþul > staþol
PGmc *staþla-	staþol	standing, shed	staþla- > staþl > stæþl	stæþl
PWGmc *maþō	maþa	worm	maþō > mæþō > maþa
PGmc *maþan-	maþa	worm	maþan- > mæþan > maþan	maþan
PWGmc *rakkō	racca	sailyard ring	rakkō > rækkō > racca
PWGmc *krabbō	crabba	crab	krabbō > kræbbō > crabba
PGmc *krabban-	crabba	crab, crayfish	krabban- > kræbban > crabban	crabban
PNWGmc *magô	maga	stomach	magô > magō > mægō > maga
PGmc *magan-	maga	stomach	magan- > mægan > magan	magan
PWGmc *nakwō	naca	ship	nakwō > nækwō > næca	næca
PGmc *nakʷan-	naca	dugout boat	nakʷan- > nakwan > nækwan > næcan	næcan
PWGmc *skaþō	sċaþa	samage, destruction	skaþō > skæþō > sċaþa
PWGmc *knabō	cnafa	boy	knabō > knæβō > cnafa
PGmc *knaban-	cnafa	knob; boy	knaban- > knæβan > cnafan	cnafan
PWGmc *skaban	sċafan	to cut (hair), to shave	skaban > skæβan > sċafan
PWGmc *skamu	sċamu	shame	skamu > skamu > skæmu > sċamu
PWGmc *mākī	mēċe	sword	mākī > mǣkī > mǣċe	mǣċe
PGmc *balgiz	bielġ	leather bag	balgiz > balgi > bælgi > bielġ
PWGmc *gafrāgī	ġefrǣġe	known, famous	gafrāgī > gæfrǣgī > ġeafreġe	ġeafreġe
PWGmc *sprāki	sprǣċ	speech	sprāki > sprǣki > sprǣċ
PGmc *sprēkō-	sprǣċ	speech	sprēkō- > sprāku > sprǣku > sprāc	sprāc
PWGmc *hangist	henġest	stallion	hangist > hangist > hængist > henġest
PWGmc *angil	enġel	angel	angil > angil > ængil > enġel
PWGmc *āswik	ǣswiċ	offence, deceit	āswik > ǣswik > ǣsiċ	ǣsiċ
PNWGmc *wāgaz	wǣġ	wave	wāgaz > wāg > wǣg > wǣġ
PWGmc *aggju	eċġ	edge	aggju > æggju > eċġ
PNWGmc *þakkjan	þeċċan	to cover	þakkjan > þækkjan > þeċċan
PWGmc *skākārī	sċēacere	robber	skākārī > skǣkǣrī > sċēacere
PWGmc *kabisi	ċiefes	concubine	kabisi > kæβisi > ċiefs	ċiefs
PWGmc *hamiþī	hemeþe	shirt	hamiþī > hamiþī > hæmiþī > hemiþe	hemiþe
PGmc *satīniz	seten	setting, seating	satīniz > satīn > sætīn > seten
PGmc *aglijaną	eġlan	to treat badly, to harm	aglijaną > aglijan > æglijan > eġlan
PGmc *asnijaz	esne	harvest-worker, hired man	asnijaz > asnī > æsnī > esne
PWGmc *awi	eowu	ewe	awi > æwi > ee	ee
PWGmc *hari	here	army	hari > hæri > here
PGmc *arjaną	erian	to plow	arjaną > arjan > ærjan > erian
PNWGmc *klawiþô	cleweþa	itch	klawiþô > klawiþō > klæwiþō > cleiþa	cleiþa
PNWGmc *fatilaz	fetel	strap	fatilaz > fatil > fætil > fetel
PNWGmc *hadinaz	heden	hooded jacket	hadinaz > hadin > hædin > heden
PNWGmc *hrappijaną	hreppan	to grasp	hrappijaną > hrappijan > hræppijan > hreppan
PWGmc *habīg	hefiġ	heavy	habīg > hæβīg > hefiġ
PWGmc *agiþā	eġeþe	rake, harrow	agiþā > ægiþǣ > eġiþe	eġiþe
PWGmc *rafsijan	refsan	to reproach, to blame	rafsijan > ræfsijan > refsan
PWGmc *rastijan	restan	to rest	rastijan > ræstijan > restan
PGmc *rakjaną	reċċan	to stretch out	rakjaną > rakkjan > rækkjan > reċċan
PGmc *saljaną	sellan	to hand over, to give	saljaną > salljan > sælljan > sellan
PGmc *saljan-	sellan	to hand over, to give	saljan- > salljan > sælljan > sellan
PGmc *sagjaną	seċġan	to say	sagjaną > saggjan > sæggjan > seċġan
PNWGmc *taljaną	tellan	to count, to narrate	taljaną > talljan > tælljan > tellan
PGmc *warmijaną	wierman	to warm	warmijaną > warmijan > wærmijan > wierman
PGmc *wargijaną	wierġan	to condemn	wargijaną > wargijan > wærgijan > wierġan
PNWGmc *fardiz	fierd	journey	fardiz > fardi > færdi > fierd
PGmc *hʷarbjan-	hwierfan	make turn	hʷarbjan- > hwarβjan > hwærβjan > hwierfan
PNWGmc *bargijaną	bierġan	to taste	bargijaną > bargijan > bærgijan > bierġan
PWGmc *harstijan	hierstan	to roast	harstijan > hærstijan > hierstan
PWGmc *armiþu	iermþ	poverty, misery	armiþu > ærmiþu > iermþ
PWGmc *skarpijan	sċierpan	to sharpen	skarpijan > skærpijan > sċierpan
PWGmc *warnijan	wiernan	to refuse, to deny	warnijan > wærnijan > wiernan
PWGmc *darnī	dierne	secret	darnī > dærnī > dierne
PWGmc *gazdi	ġierd	rod	gazdi > gardi > gærdi > ġierd
PGmc *hardijaną	hierdan	to harden	hardijaną > hardijan > hærdijan > hierdan
PNWGmc *gamarkiją	ġemierċe	mark	gamarkiją > gamarkī > gamærkī > gamierċe	gamierċe
PNWGmc *marhi	mīere	mare	marhi > mærhi > mierh	mierh
PNWGmc *halþijaną	hieldan	to tilt, to incline	halþijaną > halþijan > hælþijan > hieldan
PNWGmc *albiz	ielfe	elf	albiz > alβi > ælβi > ielf	ielf
PNWGmc *aldijaną	ieldan	to make old	aldijaną > aldijan > ældijan > ieldan
PWGmc *katil	ċytel	kettle	katil > kætil > ċietel	ċietel
PWGmc *kāsī	ċȳse	chieese	kāsī > kǣsī > ċīese	ċīese
PNWGmc *razdu	reord	voice	razdu > rardu > rærdu > reard	reard
PNWGmc *māriþu	mǣrþ	fame, reputation	māriþu > mǣriþu > mǣrþ
PWGmc *salbu	sealf	ointment, salve	salbu > sælβu > sealf
PWGmc *nāhawisti	nēawist	neighborhood	nāhawisti > nǣhæwisti > nēast	nēast
PWGmc *stahlī	stīele	steel weapon	stahlī > stæhlī > stīele
PGmc *þwahlą	þwēal	washing, bath	þwahlą > þwahl > þwæhl > þwēal
PGmc *þwahla-	þwēal	washing, bathing	þwahla- > þwahl > þwæhl > þwēal
PWGmc *fagr	fæġer	beautiful	fagr > fægr > fæġer
PGmc *fagra-	fæġer	beautiful	fagra- > fagr > fægr > fæġer
PWGmc *hwaþar	hwæþer	which (of the two)	hwaþar > hwæþær > hwæþer
PGmc *swakkuz	swæcc	smell; odour; scent	swakkuz > swakku > swækku > swacc	swacc
PWGmc *garāfijō	gerefa	count (the male ruler of a county)	garāfijō > gærǣfijō > ġearefa	ġearefa
PGmc *alamahtīgaz	ælmihtiġ	almighty	alamahtīgaz > alumahtīg > ælumæhtīg > alomiehtiġ	alomiehtiġ
PWGmc *wlātiþō	wlǣtta	nausea, disgust, loathing	wlātiþō > wlǣtiþō > wlætta	wlætta
PGmc *maganą	mæġen	to be able, may	maganą > magan > mægan > magan	magan
PGmc *bakārijaz	bæcere	One who creates baked goods; baker	bakārijaz > bakārī > bækǣrī > bæcere
PWGmc *sad	sæd	sated, full	sad > sæd
PGmc *sada-	sæd	satiated, sated, full	sada- > sad > sæd
PWGmc *hard(ī)	heard	hard	hard(ī) > hærd(ī) > hierd(e)	hierd(e)
PGmc *hardu-	heard	hard, severe	hardu- > hærdu > heard
PWGmc *handu	hand	hand	handu > handu > hændu > hænd	hænd
PGmc *blakaz	blæc	burnt	blakaz > blak > blæc
PNWGmc *gābun	ġēafon	to give.pst.pl	gābun > gǣβun > gāfon	gāfon
PNWGmc *swāsaz	swǣs	one's own	swāsaz > swās > swǣs
PNWGmc *nāhʷ-	nēah	near	nāhʷ- > nāhu > nǣhu > nēah
PGmc *nēhʷa-	nēah	near	nēhʷa- > nāhu > nǣhu > nēah
PGmc *aba	of	(away) from, off	aba > aβ > æβ > æf	æf
PGmc *abnjaną	efnan	execute	abnjaną > aβnjan > æβnjan > efnan
PGmc *stabaz	stæf	staff, letter	stabaz > staβ > stæβ > stæf
PWGmc *applu	æppel	apple	applu > æpplu > æpel	æpel
PGmc *adesan-	adesa	adze	adesan- > ædesan > ætsan	ætsan
PGmc *afla-	afol	strength, power	afla- > afl > æfl	æfl
PGmc *agiz-	eġe	fear	agiz- > agi > ægi > eġe
PGmc *aglu-	egle	difficult	aglu- > æglu > æġl	æġl
PGmc *aganō-	ægnan	chaff, awns	aganō- > agan > ægan > agan	agan
PGmc *agila-	eġl	awn	agila- > agil > ægil > eġel	eġel
PGmc *ahsō-	eax	axle	ahsō- > ahsu > æhsu > eax
PGmc *ahtudan-	eahtoða	eighth	ahtudan- > æhtudan > eahttan	eahttan
PGmc *ajuki-	ǣce	eternal	ajuki- > æjuki > aġoċ	aġoċ
PGmc *akan-	acan	ache	akan- > ækan > acan
PGmc *akrana-	æcern	tree fruit, acorn	akrana- > akran > æcran	æcran
PGmc *akʷesī-	æx	axe	akʷesī- > akwes > ækwes > æces	æces
PGmc *albut-	ielfetu	swan	albut- > ælβut > ealfot	ealfot
PGmc *alda-	eald	(grown) old	alda- > ald > æld > eald
PGmc *aldra-	aldor	age, life(span)	aldra- > aldr > ældr > ealdor	ealdor
PGmc *algōjan-	ealgian	protect	algōjan- > ælgōjan > ealgian
PGmc *alh-	ealh	temple	alh- > ælh > ealh
PGmc *alkōn-	ealce	auk	alkōn- > ælkōn > ealcan	ealcan
PGmc *aluþ-	ealoþ	ale, beer	aluþ- > æluþ > aloþ	aloþ
PGmc *anad-	ænid	duck	anad- > anad > ænæd > æned	æned
PGmc *apan-	apa	monkey, ape	apan- > æpan > apan	apan
PGmc *apla-	æpl	apple	apla- > apl > æpl
PGmc *aran-	earn	eagle	aran- > æran > aran	aran
PGmc *arhʷō-	earh	arrow	arhʷō- > arhwu > ærhwu > earh
PGmc *arwa-	earu	ready, fast	arwa- > aru > æru > aru	aru
PGmc *aska-	æsc	ash	aska- > ask > æsc
PGmc *askōn-	æsce	ashes	askōn- > æskōn > ascan	ascan
PGmc *at	æt	at, to	at > æt
PGmc *aþulja-	æðele	noble	aþulja- > aþuli > æþuli > aþol	aþol
PGmc *ahiz-	ēar	ear	ahiz- > ahi > æhi > īe	īe
PGmc *ahtō-	eaht	consideration, attention	ahtō- > ahtu > æhtu > eaht
PGmc *aiza-	ār	ore, brass	aiza- > ā > ǣ	ǣ
PGmc *arbjan-	ierfe	heir	arbjan- > ærβjan > ierfan	ierfan
PGmc *agra-	eagor	flood	agra- > agr > ægr > æġer	æġer
PGmc *alla-	eall	all	alla- > all > æll > eall
PGmc *after	æfter	behind	after > aftar > æftær > æfter
PGmc *agōn-	age	magpie	agōn- > ægōn > agan	agan
PGmc *aldō-	aldaht	hollow (of a tree)	aldō- > aldu > ældu > eald	eald
PGmc *alis-	alor	alder	alis- > ælis > eles	eles
PGmc *apaldra-	apuldre	apple-tree	apaldra- > apaldr > æpældr > æpealdor	æpealdor
PGmc *artō-	earte	wagtail?	artō- > artu > ærtu > eart	eart
PGmc *arfan-	earfan	chickweed	arfan- > ærfan > earfan
PGmc *aspō-	æsp	aspen	aspō- > aspu > æspu > asp	asp
PGmc *awi-	ēow	sheep	awi- > æwi > ee	ee
PGmc *awidja-	eowde	flock of sheep	awidja- > awidi > æwidi > eed	eed
PGmc *awista-	ēowestre	sheepfold	awista- > awist > æwist > eest	eest
PGmc *ba-	bēgen	both	ba- > bā > bǣ	bǣ
PGmc *badja-	bed	bed, bedding	badja- > badi > bædi > bede	bede
PGmc *bagma-	bēam	beam, tree	bagma- > bagm > bægm > bæġom	bæġom
PGmc *badwō	beado	battle	badwō > badu > bædu > bado	bado
PGmc *baka-	bæc	back	baka- > bak > bæc
PGmc *bakja-	beċe	creek	bakja- > baki > bæki > beċe
PGmc *bakan-	bacan	bake, fry	bakan- > bækan > bacan
PGmc *balgiz	belig	leather bag	balgiz > balgi > bælgi > bieli	bieli
PGmc *baltja-	belt	belt	baltja- > balti > bælti > bielt	bielt
PGmc *balwa-	bealo	evil	balwa- > balu > bælu > balo	balo
PGmc *bariz-	bere	barley	bariz- > bari > bæri > bere
PGmc *barsa-	bears	pike, bass	barsa- > bars > bærs > bears
PGmc *baruga-	bearg	barrow	baruga- > barug > bærug > baurg	baurg
PGmc *barwa-	bearu	grove(?)	barwa- > baru > bæru > baru	baru
PGmc *basja-	berige	berry	basja- > basi > bæsi > bese	bese
PGmc *basta-	bæst	bast	basta- > bast > bæst
PGmc *batiz	bet	better	batiz > bati > bæti > bete	bete
PGmc *baþa-	bæþ	bath	baþa- > baþ > bæþ
PGmc *baza-	bær	naked, visible	baza- > bar > bær
PGmc *bēla-	bǣl	(bon)fire, (funeral) pyre	bēla- > bāl > bǣl
PGmc *bērō-	bār	bier	bērō- > bāru > bǣru > bār
PGmc *blada-	blæd	leaf, blade	blada- > blad > blæd
PGmc *blēstu-	blǣst	blowing, blast	blēstu- > blāstu > blǣstu > blǣst
PGmc *bragna-	bræġen	brain	bragna- > bragn > brægn > bræġn	bræġn
PGmc *brazda-	breard	edge, brim	brazda- > brard > brærd > breard
PGmc *dala-	dæl	valley	dala- > dal > dæl
PGmc *darjan-	derian	hurt	darjan- > dærjan > derian
PGmc *dazēn-	darian	be numbed(?)	dazēn- > darējan > dærējan > dærian	dærian
PGmc *dragan-	dragan	draw, pull, carry	dragan- > drægan > dragan
PGmc *dwaljan-	dwelian	delay, hinder	dwaljan- > dwalljan > dwælljan > dwellan	dwellan
PGmc *dwēsa-	dwæs	foolish	dwēsa- > dwās > dwǣs	dwǣs
PGmc *ēbanþ-	ǣfen	evening	ēbanþ- > āβanþ > ǣβanþ > āfanþ	āfanþ
PGmc *ēdra-	ǣdre	quick	ēdra- > ādr > ǣdr	ǣdr
PGmc *ēla-	ǣl	eel	ēla- > āl > ǣl
PGmc *ēlō-	ǣl	awl	ēlō- > ālu > ǣlu > āl	āl
PGmc *ēsa-	ǣs	dead meat; bait	ēsa- > ās > ǣs
PGmc *ēþman-	ǣþm	breath	ēþman- > āþman > ǣþman	ǣþman
PGmc *ēþrō-	ǣdre	vein, rivulet	ēþrō- > āþru > ǣþru > ǣþer	ǣþer
PGmc *fadurwjan-	fædera	paternal uncle, father's brother	fadurwjan- > fædurwjan > fadorwan	fadorwan
PGmc *fahsa-	feax	hair of the head	fahsa- > fahs > fæhs > feax
PGmc *fahti-	feht	fleece	fahti- > fæhti > fieht	fieht
PGmc *falan-	fala	board	falan- > fælan > falan	falan
PGmc *falōn	fala	board	falōn > fælōn > falan	falan
PGmc *fallan-	fallan	fall	fallan- > fællan > feallan	feallan
PGmc *falljan-	fiellan	fell	falljan- > fælljan > fellan	fellan
PGmc *faluda-	fald	pen(?)	faluda- > falud > fælud > falud	falud
PGmc *falwa-	fealo	pale	falwa- > falu > fælu > falo	falo
PGmc *faran-	faran	go	faran- > færan > faran
PGmc *farma-	fearm	moving(?)	farma- > farm > færm > fearm
PGmc *farna-	fearn	fern	farna- > farn > færn > fearn
PGmc *fasan-	fæs	fringe; fiber	fasan- > fæsan > fasan	fasan
PGmc *fatōn-	fatian	fetch	fatōn- > fatōjan > fætōjan > fatian
PGmc *faþma-	fæðm	fathom	faþma- > faþm > fæðm
PGmc *flatja-	flett	floor	flatja- > flati > flæti > flete	flete
PGmc *gadurōjan-	gædrian	gather	gadurōjan- > gædurōjan > gadorian	gadorian
PGmc *gaiza-	gār	spear, tip	gaiza- > gā > gǣ > ġēa	ġēa
PGmc *galan-	galan	to shout, sing, chant	galan- > gælan > galan
PGmc *galda-	ġielde	barren, not (yet) pregnant	galda- > gald > gæld > ġeald	ġeald
PGmc *gallan-	ġealla	bile	gallan- > gællan > ġeallan	ġeallan
PGmc *garwa-	gearo	ready, finished	garwa- > garu > gæru > garo	garo
PGmc *gata-	ġeat	hole	gata- > gat > gæt > ġeat
PGmc *glada-	glæd	bright, happy	glada- > glad > glæd
PGmc *glasa-	glæs	glass	glasa- > glas > glæs
PGmc *gnagan-	gnagan	gnaw	gnagan- > gnægan > gnagan
PGmc *graba-	græf	grave	graba- > graβ > græβ > græf
PGmc *graban-	grafan	dig	graban- > græβan > grafan
PGmc *grasa-	gærs	grass	grasa- > gras > græs > gærs
PGmc *grēdu-	grǣd	hunger, desire	grēdu- > grādu > grǣdu > grǣd
PGmc *grētan-	grǣtan	wail	grētan- > grātan > grǣtan
PGmc *habanō-	hæfen	harbor	habanō- > haβan > hæβan > hafan	hafan
PGmc *habēn-	habban	have	habēn- > habējan > hæβējan > hæfian	hæfian
PGmc *haga-	haga	enclosure; pasture	haga- > hag > hæg > hæġ	hæġ
PGmc *hagla-	hagol	hail	hagla- > hagl > hægl > hæġl	hæġl
PGmc *hakan-	haca	hook	hakan- > hækan > hacan	hacan
PGmc *hakula-	hæcla	cloak	hakula- > hakul > hækul > hacol	hacol
PGmc *halba-	healf	half	halba- > halβ > hælβ > healf
PGmc *haleþ-	hæleþ	man, hero	haleþ- > hæleþ
PGmc *haljō	hel	hell	haljō > hallju > hællju > hell	hell
PGmc *halta-	healt	lame, limping	halta- > halt > hælt > healt
PGmc *halþa-	heald	sloping; inclined	halþa- > halþ > hælþ > healþ	healþ
PGmc *harbista-	hærfest	autumn, fall	harbista- > harβist > hærβist > hierfest	hierfest
PGmc *hargu-	hearg	sacrificial mound?	hargu- > hærgu > hearg
PGmc *harma-	hearm	harm, sorrow	harma- > harm > hærm > hearm
PGmc *harman-	hearma	ermine	harman- > hærman > hearman	hearman
PGmc *hasla-	hæsel	hazel	hasla- > hasl > hæsl	hæsl
PGmc *haswa-	haso	grey	haswa- > hasu > hæsu > haso
PGmc *hatiz-	hete	hatred	hatiz- > hati > hæti > hete
PGmc *hattu-	hæt	hat	hattu- > hættu > hatt	hatt
PGmc *haþu-	heaþo-	battle	haþu- > hæþu > haþo	haþo
PGmc *hēra-	hǣr	hair	hēra- > hār > hǣr
PGmc *hēwja-	hāwi	dark blue(?)	hēwja- > hāwi > hǣwi > hǣ	hǣ
PGmc *hlaþan-	hladan	load	hlaþan- > hlæþan > hlaþan	hlaþan
PGmc *hnaskʷu-	hnesce	soft	hnaskʷu- > hnaskwu > hnæskwu > hnæsc	hnæsc
PGmc *hraban-	hræfn	raven	hraban- > hræβan > hrafan	hrafan
PGmc *hradōn-	hradian	rush, tumble	hradōn- > hradōjan > hrædōjan > hradian
PGmc *hraþa-	hræd	fast	hraþa- > hraþ > hræþ	hræþ
PGmc *hʷar	hwær	where	hʷar > hwar > hwær
PGmc *kalan-	calan	be cold	kalan- > kælan > calan
PGmc *kalwa-	calo	bald	kalwa- > kalu > kælu > calo
PGmc *kalzōjan-	ċeallian	call, shout	kalzōjan- > kalrōjan > kælrōjan > ċealrian	ċealrian
PGmc *kapōn-	capian	stare	kapōn- > kapōjan > kæpōjan > capian
PGmc *karō-	cearu	worry, care	karō- > karu > kæru > caro	caro
PGmc *kēgjō-	cǣg	peg, key	kēgjō- > kāgju > kǣgju > ċīeġ	ċīeġ
PGmc *knēi-	ge-cnǣwe	acknowledging	knēi- > knāwi > knǣwi > cnǣ	cnǣ
PGmc *krabēn-	crafian	urge, demand	krabēn- > krabējan > kræβējan > cræfian	cræfian
PGmc *kraftu-	cræft	strength, force	kraftu- > kræftu > cræft
PGmc *krattan-	cræt	basket, wickerwork container	krattan- > krættan > crattan	crattan
PGmc *kʷaljan-	cwellan	make suffer, pain	kʷaljan- > kwalljan > kwælljan > cwellan
PGmc *lagu-	lagu	lake	lagu- > lægu > lagu
PGmc *lahtra-	leahtor	vice	lahtra- > lahtr > læhtr > leahtor
PGmc *lakjan-	læċċan	grab	lakjan- > lakkjan > lækkjan > leċċan	leċċan
PGmc *lakjan-	leċċan	cause to leak, moisten	lakjan- > lakkjan > lækkjan > leċċan
PGmc *lappōn-	lapian	lick up, lap	lappōn- > lappōjan > læppōjan > lappian	lappian
PGmc *lasiwa-	lysu	weak, feeble	lasiwa- > lasiw > læsiw > leseow	leseow
PGmc *lata-	læt	lax, sluggish	lata- > lat > læt
PGmc *laþōjan-	laðian	invite	laþōjan- > læþōjan > laðian
PGmc *lawiz-	lēow	ham, thigh	lawiz- > lawi > læwi > lee	lee
PGmc *lēkinōn-	lǣcnian	heal	lēkinōn- > lākinōjan > lǣkinōjan > lǣcnian
PGmc *madrōn-	mædere	madder	madrōn- > mædrōn > mædran	mædran
PGmc *magaþi-	mæġð	girl, maiden	magaþi- > magaþ > mægæþ > mæġeþ	mæġeþ
PGmc *magra-	mæġer	lean	magra- > magr > mægr > mæġer
PGmc *mahti-	meaht	strength	mahti- > mæhti > mieht	mieht
PGmc *maldjō-	melde	saltbush, orache	maldjō- > maldju > mældju > mield	mield
PGmc *maltjan-	mieltan	make dissolve	maltjan- > mæltjan > mieltan
PGmc *marha-	mearh	horse, steed	marha- > marh > mærh > mearh
PGmc *mari-	mere	lake, sea	mari- > mæri > mere
PGmc *marikan-	merce	wild celery, smallage	marikan- > mærikan > merican	merican
PGmc *marka-	mearc	sign	marka- > mark > mærk > mearc
PGmc *marþru-	mearþ	marten	marþru- > mærþru > mearþr	mearþr
PGmc *masjinga-	mæsling	brass	masjinga- > massjing > mæssjing > messeng	messeng
PGmc *maska-	masc	mesh; stain(?)	maska- > mask > mæsc	mæsc
PGmc *masta-	mæst	mast, fruit of forest trees	masta- > mast > mæst
PGmc *maþla-	mæþel	meeting-place	maþla- > maþl > mæþl	mæþl
PGmc *mazga-	mearh	marrow	mazga- > marg > mærg > mearg	mearg
PGmc *mēla-	mǣl	point in time	mēla- > māl > mǣl
PGmc *mēla-	mǣl	spot, mark	mēla- > māl > mǣl
PGmc *mēla-	mǣl	measure, amount	mēla- > māl > mǣl
PGmc *mērijaz	mǣre	famous	mērijaz > mārī > mǣrī > mǣre
PGmc *mērjan-	mǣran	make illustrious	mērjan- > mārjan > mǣrjan > mǣran
PGmc *mēslō-	masele	growth	mēslō- > māslu > mǣslu > mǣsl	mǣsl
PGmc *mēþa-	mǣð	mowing, mown grass	mēþa- > māþ > mǣð
PGmc *mēþi-	mǣð	measure	mēþi- > māþi > mǣþi > mǣð
PGmc *nabja-	nebb	beak	nabja- > naβi > næβi > nefe	nefe
PGmc *nablan-	nafela	navel	nablan- > næβlan > næflan	næflan
PGmc *nabō-	nafu	nave	nabō- > naβu > næβu > nafu
PGmc *naht-	niht	night	naht- > næht > neaht	neaht
PGmc *narwa-	nearu	narrow	narwa- > naru > næru > naru	naru
PGmc *nasō-	nosu	nose	nasō- > nasu > næsu > nasu	nasu
PGmc *natja-	net	net	natja- > nati > næti > nete	nete
PGmc *nazjan-	nerian	save, heal	nazjan- > narjan > nærjan > nerian
PGmc *nēdrōn-	nǣdre	viper	nēdrōn- > nādrōn > nǣdrōn > nǣdran	nǣdran
PGmc *nēþlō-	nǣþl	needle	nēþlō- > nāþlu > nǣþlu > nǣþl
PGmc *pagila-	pæġel	measuring stick(?)	pagila- > pagil > pægil > peġel	peġel
PGmc *rada-	ræd	fast(?)	rada- > rad > ræd
PGmc *rakan-	ræc	(sleuth) dog	rakan- > rækan > racan	racan
PGmc *rakkan-	racca	parrel	rakkan- > rækkan > raccan	raccan
PGmc *rastō-	ræst	interval	rastō- > rastu > ræstu > rast	rast
PGmc *sagja-	secg	man, hero	sagja- > sagi > sægi > seġe	seġe
PGmc *sagja-	secg	sedge	sagja- > sagi > sægi > seġe	seġe
PGmc *sagō-	sagu	saw	sagō- > sagu > sægu > sagu
PGmc *sagō-	sagu	recount	sagō- > sagu > sægu > sagu
PGmc *sahsa-	seax	knife	sahsa- > sahs > sæhs > seax
PGmc *sakō-	sacu	case, lawsuit	sakō- > saku > sæku > sacu
PGmc *salihōn-	sealh	sallow, willow	salihōn- > sælihōn > selēon	selēon
PGmc *saliz-	sæl	hall, house	saliz- > sali > sæli > sele	sele
PGmc *saltan-	sealtan	salt (down), pickle	saltan- > sæltan > sealtan
PGmc *salwa-	salo	yellowish brown	salwa- > salu > sælu > salo
PGmc *sēda-	sǣd	seed	sēda- > sād > sǣd
PGmc *sēti-	and-sæte	possible to sit on	sēti- > sāti > sǣti > sǣt	sǣt
PGmc *skadu-	sċeadu	shadow	skadu- > skædu > sċadu	sċadu
PGmc *skakan-	sċacan	shake; to leave	skakan- > skækan > sċacan
PGmc *skalka-	sċealc	servant	skalka- > skalk > skælk > sċealc
PGmc *skarna-	sċearn	dung, muck	skarna- > skarn > skærn > sċearn
PGmc *skatta-	sċeat	wealth, property, cattle	skatta- > skatt > skætt > sċeatt	sċeatt
PGmc *skaþjan-	sċeþþan	harm, do wrong	skaþjan- > skaþþjan > skæþþjan > sċieþþan	sċieþþan
PGmc *skēpa-	sċēp	sheep	skēpa- > skāp > skǣp > sċēap	sċēap
PGmc *skēra-	sċēara	pair of scissors	skēra- > skār > skǣr > sċēar	sċēar
PGmc *skradtan-	sċrætte	demon	skradtan- > skrædtan > sċrættan	sċrættan
PGmc *slaka-	slæc	slack	slaka- > slak > slæc
PGmc *smahrja-	smǣras	lip	smahrja- > smahri > smæhri > smīer	smīer
PGmc *smalta-	smolt	(molten) fat, lard	smalta- > smalt > smælt > smealt	smealt
PGmc *spadan-	spadu	spade	spadan- > spædan > spadan	spadan
PGmc *spara-	spær	sparing, frugal	spara- > spar > spær
PGmc *stadi-	stede	place, town	stadi- > stædi > stede
PGmc *stakan-	staca	pole, post	stakan- > stækan > stacan	stacan
PGmc *stalla-	steall	standing, stand, stall, stable	stalla- > stall > stæll > steall
PGmc *stappan-	stæppan	step, pace	stappan- > stæppan > stappan	stappan
PGmc *starka-	stearc	strong	starka- > stark > stærk > stearc
PGmc *stara-	stær	starling	stara- > star > stær
PGmc *swabjan-	swebban	cause to sleep	swabjan- > swaββjan > swæββjan > sweffan	sweffan
PGmc *swajuta-	swēot	host	swajuta- > swajut > swæjut > swaġot	swaġot
PGmc *swēraz	swǣr	heavy	swēraz > swār > swǣr
PGmc *tagla-	tæġl	hair	tagla- > tagl > tægl > tæġl
PGmc *tagra-	tæhher	tear	tagra- > tagr > tægr > tæġer	tæġer
PGmc *tala-	tæl	number; speech	tala- > tal > tæl
PGmc *talga-	tælg	tallow	talga- > talg > tælg > tealg	tealg
PGmc *talō-	talu	speech, recount	talō- > talu > tælu > talu
PGmc *targjan-	tierġan	vex	targjan- > tærgjan > tierġan
PGmc *targōn-	targe	edge	targōn- > tærgōn > teargan	teargan
PGmc *twa-	twēgen	two	twa- > twā > twǣ	twǣ
PGmc *twalifa-	twelf	twelve	twalifa- > twalif > twælif > twelef	twelef
PGmc *þa-	se	that, those	þa- > þā > þǣ	þǣ
PGmc *þakjan-	þeċċan	burn	þakjan- > þakkjan > þækkjan > þeċċan
PGmc *þar	þār	there	þar > þær	þær
PGmc *þarma-	þearm	bowel, intestine	þarma- > þarm > þærm > þearm
PGmc *þragjan-	þrægan	run	þragjan- > þraggjan > þræggjan > þreċġan	þreċġan
PGmc *þrastu-	þrysce	thrush	þrastu- > þræstu > þrast	þrast
PGmc *þrēdu-	þrǣd	thread	þrēdu- > þrādu > þrǣdu > þrǣd
PGmc *wabja-	webb	web	wabja- > waβi > wæβi > wefe	wefe
PGmc *wadan-	wadan	wade	wadan- > wædan > wadan
PGmc *wadja-	wed	pledge, surety	wadja- > wadi > wædi > wede	wede
PGmc *wagja-	wecg	wedge	wagja- > wagi > wægi > weġe	weġe
PGmc *wagna-	wæġn	wagon	wagna- > wagn > wægn > wæġn
PGmc *wahsa-	weax	wax	wahsa- > wahs > wæhs > weax
PGmc *wahsan-	weahsan	grow	wahsan- > wæhsan > weaxan	weaxan
PGmc *waiza-	wār	seaweed(?)	waiza- > wā > wǣ	wǣ
PGmc *wakan-	wacan	awaken	wakan- > wækan > wacan
PGmc *wakra-	wacor	alert, awake	wakra- > wakr > wækr > wæcer	wæcer
PGmc *wala-	wæl	the slain	wala- > wal > wæl
PGmc *waldan-	wealdan	rule, have authority over	waldan- > wældan > wealdan
PGmc *walkan-	wealcan	roll	walkan- > wælkan > wealcan
PGmc *wallan-	weallan	well up, boil, seethe	wallan- > wællan > weallan
PGmc *walþu-	weald	field, uncultivated area, wood	walþu- > wælþu > weald
PGmc *walwjan-	wielwan	roll	walwjan- > wælwjan > wielwan
PGmc *warjan-	werian	hinder, prevent	warjan- > wærjan > werian
PGmc *warma-	wearm	warm	warma- > warm > wærm > wearm
PGmc *warza-	wearr	callus	warza- > warr > wærr > wearr
PGmc *waskan-	wæscan	wash	waskan- > wæskan > wascan	wascan
PGmc *wēbna-	wǣpn	weapon	wēbna- > wāβn > wǣβn > wǣfn	wǣfn
PGmc *wēta-	wǣt	wet	wēta- > wāt > wǣt
PGmc *wlakʷa-	wlacu	lukewarm, tepid	wlakʷa- > wlaku > wlæku > wlacu
PGmc *wrakjan-	wreċċa	persecutor	wrakjan- > wrakkjan > wrækkjan > wreċċan	wreċċan
PGmc *wratjōn-	wrætte	madder	wratjōn- > wrattjōn > wrættjōn > wrettan	wrettan
PGmc *wrēþu-	wrǣð	herd (of swine)	wrēþu- > wrāþu > wrǣþu > wrǣð
PGmc *frēgi-	*frǣġe	renowned	frēgi- > frāgi > frǣgi > frǣġ	frǣġ
PGmc *hʷa-	hwā	who? what?	hʷa- > hwā > hwǣ	hwǣ
PGmc *ratta-	ræt	rat	ratta- > ratt > rætt	rætt
PGmc *wardjan-	*wierdan	cause to degenerate	wardjan- > wærdjan > wierdan
PGmc *adlan-	adel	liquid manure	adlan- > ædlan	ædlan
PGmc *balgjan-	belgan	make swell, make angry	balgjan- > bælgjan > bielian	bielian
PGmc *sappan-	sæp	sap; juice	sappan- > sæppan > sappan	sappan
PGmc *makan-	*maca	match	makan- > mækan > macan	macan
PGmc *mēti-	*mǣte	estimable	mēti- > māti > mǣti > mǣt	mǣt
PGmc *barjan-	berian	fight	barjan- > bærjan > berian
PGmc *wagōn-	wagian	move, shake	wagōn- > wagōjan > wægōjan > wagian
PGmc *þrabōn-	þrafian	trot	þrabōn- > þrabōjan > þræβōjan > þrafian
PGmc *hragōn-	*hragan	jut out	hragōn- > hragōjan > hrægōjan > hragian	hragian
PGmc *wallōn-	weallian	roll	wallōn- > wallōjan > wællōjan > weallian
PGmc *gabōn-	gabbian	joke	gabōn- > gabōjan > gæβōjan > gafian	gafian
PGmc *kazjan	ċierran	turn, direct	kazjan > karjan > kærjan > ċieran	ċieran
PGmc *swarjan-	swerian	swear	swarjan- > swærjan > swerian

• {a|ā} > {æ|ǣ} / _{!w|wi} if sound is non-stressed non-diphthong and (next sound is not nasal consonant or (next sound is nasal consonant and second next sound is vowel))

Examples

From	To	Gloss	Steps	Expected
PGmc *fader-	fæder	father	fader- > fadar > fædær > fæder
PWGmc *feuwar	fēower	four	feuwar > feuwær > fēower
PGmc *fedwar-	fēower	four	fedwar- > feuwar > feuwær > fēower
PWGmc *kirikā	ċiriċe	church	kirikā > kirikǣ > ċiriċe
PWGmc *taihā	tā	toe	taihā > taihǣ > tā
PWGmc *obar	ofer	over	obar > oβær > ofer
PNWGmc *grādagaz	grǣdiġ	hungry, greedy	grādagaz > grādag > grǣdæg > grǣdiġ
PGmc *sumaraz	sumer	summer	sumaraz > sumar > sumær > sumer
PNWGmc *hunagą	huniġ	honey	hunagą > hunag > hunæg > huniġ
PWGmc *tungā	tunge	tongue	tungā > tungǣ > tunge
PWGmc *hertā	heorte	heart	hertā > hertǣ > heorte
PGmc *anþeraz	ōþer	other	anþeraz > ōþar > ōþær > ōþer
PGmc *anþara-	ōþer	other	anþara- > ōþar > ōþær > ōþer
PWGmc *anslā	ōsle	blackbird	anslā > ōslā > ōslǣ > ōsle
PWGmc *jāmar	ġeōmor	lamentation; sad	jāmar > jōmar > jōmær > ġōmer	ġōmer
PWGmc *saipā	sāpe	soap	saipā > saipǣ > sāpe
PWGmc *awal	awel	hook, fork	awal > awæl > awel
PWGmc *gafehan	ġefēon	to rejoice	gafehan > gæfehan > ġefēon
PWGmc *sihhwā	seohhe	sieve	sihhwā > sihhwǣ > seohhe
PWGmc *anafalt	anfealt	anvil	anafalt > anafalt > ænæfælt > ænfealt	ænfealt
PWGmc *tussjā	tysse	coarse cloth	tussjā > tussjǣ > tysse
PWGmc *garūnī	ġerȳne	(secret) meeting, conspiracy	garūnī > gærūnī > ġerȳne
PNWGmc *hʷarbijaną	hwierfan	to turn, to change	hʷarbijaną > hwarβijan > hwærβijan > hwierfan
PGmc *galaubijaną	ġelīefan	to believe	galaubijaną > galauβijan > gælauβijan > ġælīefan	ġælīefan
PWGmc *laiwazikā	lāwriċe	lark	laiwazikā > laiwarikā > laiwærikǣ > lawrċe	lawrċe
PGmc *laiwizakōn-	lāwriċe	lark	laiwizakōn- > laiwirakōn > laiwirækōn > lǣrcan	lǣrcan
PWGmc *grundilā	gryndle	name of a species of fish	grundilā > grundilǣ > gryndle
PWGmc *hanapi	henep	hemp	hanapi > honapi > honæpi > honp	honp
PWGmc *slaihā	slā	sloe, blackthorn fruit	slaihā > slaihǣ > slā
PWGmc *sehwā	sēo	pupil (of the eye)	sehwā > sehwǣ > sēo
PGmc *hʷaþera-	hwæþer	who of two?	hʷaþera- > hwaþar > hwæþær > hweþer	hweþer
PWGmc *hailag	hāliġ	holy	hailag > hailæg > hāliġ
PWGmc *hosā	hose	outer cover, shell	hosā > hosǣ > hose
PWGmc *buterā	butere	butter	buterā > buterǣ > butre	butre
PGmc *alamahtīgaz	ælmihtiġ	almighty	alamahtīgaz > alumahtīg > ælumæhtīg > alomiehtiġ	alomiehtiġ
PWGmc *bifastijan	befæstan	to make fast, secure	bifastijan > bifæstijan > bifestan	bifestan
PWGmc *weraldi	weorold	world	weraldi > werældi > wereeld	wereeld
PGmc *ainagaz	ǣniġ	only; sole; singular; unique	ainagaz > ainag > ainæg > āniġ	āniġ
PGmc *bakārijaz	bæcere	One who creates baked goods; baker	bakārijaz > bakārī > bækǣrī > bæcere
PNWGmc *unlādaz	unlǣd	poor	unlādaz > unlād > unlǣd > unled	unled
PNWGmc *kʷāniz	cwēn	woman, wife	kʷāniz > kwāni > kwǣni > cwǣn	cwǣn
PGmc *saiwalō	sāwl	soul	saiwalō > saiwal > saiwæl > sāwel	sāwel
PGmc *aikʷernan-	ācweorn	squirrel	aikʷernan- > aikwarnan > aikwærnan > ācearnan	ācearnan
PGmc *aima-uzjōn-	ǣmyrie	embers	aima-uzjōn- > aima-urjōn > aimæ-urjōn > ām-orian	ām-orian
PGmc *ainalifa-	endlufon	eleven	ainalifa- > ainalif > ainælif > ānlef	ānlef
PGmc *anad-	ænid	duck	anad- > anad > ænæd > æned	æned
PGmc *anadan-	anda	breath; spirit	anadan- > ąnadan > ąnædan > andan	andan
PGmc *ainahan-	ānga	sole	ainahan- > ainæhan > ānēan	ānēan
PGmc *austera-	ēast	east, eastwards	austera- > austar > austær > ēaster	ēaster
PGmc *amazan-	omer	bunting	amazan- > omaran > omæran > omran	omran
PGmc *after	æfter	behind	after > aftar > æftær > æfter
PGmc *apaldra-	apuldre	apple-tree	apaldra- > apaldr > æpældr > æpealdor	æpealdor
PGmc *awala-	awul	awl	awala- > awal > awæl > awel	awel
PGmc *brōþer-	brōþor	brother	brōþer- > brōþar > brōþær > brōþer	brōþer
PGmc *dōgera-	dōgor	a full day, twenty-four hours	dōgera- > dōgar > dōgær > dōger	dōger
PGmc *duhter-	dohtor	daughter	duhter- > dohtar > dohtær > dohter	dohter
PGmc *edara-	eodor	edge; fence	edara- > edar > edær > eder	eder
PGmc *fīfaldra-	fīfealde	butterfly	fīfaldra- > fīfaldr > fīfældr > fīfealdr	fīfealdr
PGmc *gamala-	gamol	old	gamala- > gąmal > gąmæl > gamel	gamel
PGmc *ganazan-	gandra	gander	ganazan- > gonaran > gonæran > gonran	gonran
PGmc *hamara-	hamor	hammer	hamara- > hąmar > hąmær > hamer	hamer
PGmc *hiar	hēr	here	hiar > hiær > hier	hier
PGmc *hʷaja-	hwæġ	whey	hʷaja- > hwaj > hwæj > hwæġ
PGmc *hʷalfa-	hwealf	vault	hʷalfa- > hwalf > hwælf > hwealf
PGmc *hʷassa-	hwæs	sharp	hʷassa- > hwass > hwæss	hwæss
PGmc *hʷata-	hwæt	quick	hʷata- > hwat > hwæt
PGmc *hʷēsan-	hwǣsan	wheeze	hʷēsan- > hwāsan > hwǣsan
PGmc *īdala-	īdel	void, idle, futile	īdala- > īdal > īdæl > īdel
PGmc *īsarna-	īsern	iron	īsarna- > īsarn > īsærn > īsearn	īsearn
PGmc *kʷalō-	cwalu	torment	kʷalō- > kwalu > kwælu > cwalu
PGmc *leuhada-	lēoht	light	leuhada- > leuhad > leuhæd > lēod	lēod
PGmc *magaþi-	mæġð	girl, maiden	magaþi- > magaþ > mægæþ > mæġeþ	mæġeþ
PGmc *managa-	maniġ	many	managa- > mąnag > mąnæg > maniġ
PGmc *mōder-	mōdor	mother	mōder- > mōdar > mōdær > mōder	mōder
PGmc *nikʷasa-	nicor	water monster	nikʷasa- > nikwas > nikwæs > nices	nices
PGmc *niþera-	niþer	down	niþera- > niþar > niþær > niþer
PGmc *ōþala-	ōðel	patrimony	ōþala- > ōþal > ōþæl > ōðel
PGmc *sunþera-	sūþ	south, southwards	sunþera- > sūþar > sūþær > sūþer	sūþer
PGmc *swester-	sweostor	sister	swester- > swestar > swestær > swester	swester
PGmc *taikʷer-	tācor	brother-in-law	taikʷer- > taikwar > taikwær > tācer	tācer

Notes

The fronting to ǣ is specific to West Saxon; Kentish and Anglian dialects had ē instead (Ringe 2014:149)

Sequences

pwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-hiatus, next pre-oe-long-o-unrounding
pgmc-to-oe: previous oe-hiatus, next pre-oe-long-o-unrounding
pnwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-hiatus, next pre-oe-long-o-unrounding