Etymograph > Indo-European > Old English > Rules > oe-apocope

Source: Ringe 2014:284 (6.8.1)

Examples

FromToGlossStepsExpected
PWGmc *kinnuċinnjawkinnu > ċinnu > ċinn
PWGmc *gimmuġimmgemgimmu > ġimmu > ġimm
PGmc *kalbiz-ċealfcalfkalbiz- > ċielβi > ċielβ > ċielfċielf
PGmc *lēkja-lǣċedoctor; leechlēkja- > lǣċi > lǣċlǣċ
PGmc *skelduzsċieldshieldskelduz > sċieldu > sċield
PGmc *druhtizdryhtwar banddruhtiz > dryhti > dryht
PGmc *druhti-dryhtwar banddruhti- > dryhti > dryht
PGmc *wurmizwyrmworm, snakewurmiz > wyrmi > wyrm
PGmc *brūdizbrȳdbridebrūdiz > brȳdi > brȳd
PGmc *hūdizhȳdskinhūdiz > hȳdi > hȳd
PGmc *alinōelnforearmalinō > elnu > eln
PWGmc *saliþuselddwellingsaliþu > selþu > selþselþ
PNWGmc *markumearcboundarymarku > mearku > mearc
PWGmc *herduheordherdherdu > heordu > heord
PWGmc *mizdumeordrewardmizdu > miordu > miord > meord
PWGmc *strālustrǣlarrowstrālu > strālu > strālstrāl
PNWGmc *baunubēanbeanbaunu > bēanu > bēan
PGmc *baunō-bēanbeanbaunō- > bēanu > bēan
PWGmc *gastiġiestguestgasti > ġiesti > ġiest
PWGmc *dailidǣlpartdaili > dǣli > dǣl
*mildsi*mildsmildnessmildsi > milds
PWGmc *blīþisiblisshappinessblīþisi > blissi > bliss
PGmc *taihʷō-toetaihʷō- > tāhu > tāhtāh
PNWGmc *dādizdǣddeeddādiz > dǣdi > dǣd
PGmc *surgōsorgworry, sorrowsurgō > surgu > surgsurg
PGmc *lustuzlustdesirelustuz > lustu > lust
PGmc *umbiymbearoundumbi > ymbi > ymbymb
PGmc *þunnuzþynnethinþunnuz > þunnu > þunnþunn
PGmc *arbja-ierfeinheritancearbja- > ierβi > ierβ > ierfierf
PGmc *hʷaitja-hwǣtewheathʷaitja- > hwāti > hwāthwāt
PWGmc *kwernucweornmillkwernu > kweornu > cweorn
PWGmc *halljuhellhellhallju > hellu > hell
PWGmc *awwjuīeġislandawwju > īeġu > īeġ
PGmc *gunþizgūþbattlegunþiz > gȳþi > gȳþgȳþ
PGmc *gunþī-gūþbattlegunþī- > gȳþi > gȳþgȳþ
PNWGmc *unþizȳþwaveunþiz > ȳþi > ȳþ
PGmc *unþī-ȳþwaveunþī- > ȳþi > ȳþ
PGmc *anstizēstfavoranstiz > ēsti > ēst
PGmc *hansōhōscompany, crowdhansō > hōsu > hōs
PGmc *ansuzōs(pagan) godansuz > ōsu > ōs
PWGmc *unstiȳststormunsti > ȳsti > ȳst
PGmc *unsti-ȳststormunsti- > ȳsti > ȳst
PNWGmc *spānuzspōnwood-chip, shavingspānuz > spōnu > spōn
PGmc *fastu-fæstfixed, firmfastu- > fastu > fastfast
PWGmc *strātustrǣtpaved roadstrātu > strǣtu > strǣt
PGmc *dauþuzdēaþdeathdauþuz > dēaþu > dēaþ
PWGmc *ahslueaxlshoulder-jointahslu > aslu > aslasl
PWGmc *arbaiþiearfoþhardship, hard laborarbaiþi > earβāþi > earβāþ > earfaþearfaþ
PNWGmc *halluheallhallhallu > heallu > heall
PGmc *balgizbielġleather bagbalgiz > bielġi > bielġ
PNWGmc *bankizbenċbenchbankiz > benċi > benċ
PGmc *banki-benċbenchbanki- > benċi > benċ
PGmc *stukkja-styċċepiecestukkja- > styċċi > styċċstyċċ
PNWGmc *fangizfenġgrasp, bootyfangiz > fenġi > fenġ
PGmc *fangi-fenġcatchfangi- > fenġi > fenġ
PNWGmc *strangizstrenġstringstrangiz > strenġi > strenġ
PGmc *strangi-strenġstring, cord, ropestrangi- > strenġi > strenġ
PGmc *gangi-genġepassablegangi- > genġi > genġgenġ
PNWGmc *laugizlīeġflamelaugiz > līeġi > līeġ
PNWGmc *swōgizswēġsoundswōgiz > swēġi > swēġ
PWGmc *sprākisprǣċspeechsprāki > sprǣċi > sprǣċ
PGmc *sprēkō-sprǣċspeechsprēkō- > sprāku > sprācsprāc
PWGmc *flaiskiflǣsċflesh, meatflaiski > flǣsċi > flǣsċ
PWGmc *swegrusweġermother-in-lawswegru > sweġru > sweġr > sweġer
PGmc *swegru-sweġermother-in-lawswegru- > sweġru > sweġr > sweġer
PWGmc *aggjueċġedgeaggju > eċġu > eċġ
PWGmc *bruggjubryċġbridgebruggju > bryċġu > bryċġ
PWGmc *kabisiċiefesconcubinekabisi > ċieβsi > ċieβs > ċiefsċiefs
PWGmc *wunnjuwynnjoywunnju > wynnu > wynn
PGmc *būsnizbȳsenthing offeredbūsniz > bȳsni > bȳsn > bȳsen
PNWGmc *sūlizsȳlpillarsūliz > sȳli > sȳl
PGmc *sūli-sȳlpillar, columnsūli- > sȳli > sȳl
PNWGmc *þrūþizþrȳþpowerþrūþiz > þrȳþi > þrȳþ
PGmc *þrūþi-þrȳþpowerþrūþi- > þrȳþi > þrȳþ
PWGmc *fūliþufȳlþrottennessfūliþu > fȳlþu > fȳlþ
PWGmc *fūstifȳstfistfūsti > fȳsti > fȳst
PGmc *funhsti-fȳstfistfunhsti- > fȳsti > fȳst
PNWGmc *bōnizbēnprayer, requestbōniz > bēni > bēn
PGmc *grōni-grēnegreengrōni- > grēni > grēngrēn
PGmc *banjōbennwoundbanjō > bennu > benn
PNWGmc *wānizwēnhope, expectationwāniz > wēni > wēn
PGmc *samþu-sēftesoftsamþu- > sōþu > sōþsōþ
PGmc *airizǣrearlierairiz > ǣri > ǣr
PGmc *aihtizǣhtproperty, possessionsaihtiz > ǣhti > ǣht
PGmc *haiþīhǣþopen countryhaiþī > hǣþi > hǣþ
PNWGmc *fardizfierdjourneyfardiz > fierdi > fierd
PWGmc *armiþuiermþpoverty, miseryarmiþu > iermþu > iermþ
PWGmc *gazdiġierdrodgazdi > ġierdi > ġierd
PNWGmc *marhimīeremaremarhi > mierhi > mierhmierh
PNWGmc *albizielfeelfalbiz > ielβi > ielβ > ielfielf
PGmc *hauhiþōhīehþheighthauhiþō > hīehþu > hīehþ
PGmc *hlautizhlīetlothlautiz > hlīeti > hlīet
PGmc *auþu-īeþeeasyauþu- > ēaþu > ēaþēaþ
PGmc *firrizfierrfurtherfirriz > fierri > fierr
PGmc *siunizsīensightsiuniz > sīeni > sīen
PGmc *seuni-sīensightseuni- > sēoni > sēonsēon
PGmc *deurja-dīereprecious, valuable, expensivedeurja- > dēori > dēordēor
PWGmc *niudinīeddesire, eagernessniudi > nīedi > nīed
PNWGmc *razdureordvoicerazdu > reardu > reardreard
PNWGmc *feþrufeþerfeatherfeþru > feþr > feþer
PNWGmc *raidurādact of raidingraidu > rādu > rād
PWGmc *fihlufēolfilefihlu > fiohlu > fiohl > fēol
PNWGmc *bandibendfetterbandi > bendi > bend
PWGmc *wurtiwyrtroot, plantwurti > wyrti > wyrt
PWGmc *hanapihenephemphanapi > honpi > honphonp
PNWGmc *māriþumǣrþfame, reputationmāriþu > mǣrþu > mǣrþ
PWGmc *salbusealfointment, salvesalbu > sealβu > sealβ > sealf
PWGmc *laibulāfwhat is left, remainderlaibu > lāβu > lāβ > lāf
PWGmc *nāhawistinēawistneighborhoodnāhawisti > nēahisti > nēahist > nēastnēast
PWGmc *wintruwinterwinterwintru > wintr > winter
PGmc *swakkuzswæccsmell; odour; scentswakkuz > swakku > swaccswacc
PWGmc *weraldiweoroldworldweraldi > werieldi > werield > wereeldwereeld
PWGmc *flaiskiflæsċflesh, meatflaiski > flǣsċi > flǣsċflǣsċ
PWGmc *hwīluhwīlperiod of rest, pausehwīlu > hwīl
PGmc *uftōoftoft; often; frequentlyuftō > uftu > uftuft
PGmc *frōknizfrēcnedaringfrōkniz > frēkni > frēkn > frēcenfrēcen
PGmc *hardu-heardhard, severehardu- > heardu > heard
PWGmc *handuhandhandhandu > hændu > hændhænd
PGmc *handu-handhandhandu- > handu > hand
PNWGmc *nāhʷ-nēahnearnāhʷ- > nēahu > nēah
PGmc *nēhʷa-nēahnearnēhʷa- > nēahu > nēah
PNWGmc *kʷānizcwēnwoman, wifekʷāniz > kwǣni > cwǣncwǣn
PGmc *saiwizseasaiwiz > sǣi >
PNWGmc *libruliferliverlibru > liβr > lifer
PGmc *librō-liferliverlibrō- > liβru > liβr > lifer
PWGmc *appluæppelappleapplu > æplu > æpl > æpelæpel
PWGmc *spinniluspinelspindlespinnilu > spinlu > spinl > spinel
PGmc *aglu-egledifficultaglu- > æġlu > æġlæġl
PGmc *ahsō-eaxaxleahsō- > eaksu > eax
PGmc *aiþja-ǣþecapable of taking an oathaiþja- > ǣþi > ǣþǣþ
PGmc *airō-āroarairō- > āru > ār
PGmc *andizendearlier, ratherandiz > endi > end
PGmc *angwu-engenarrowangwu- > ongu > ongong
PGmc *arhʷō-earharrowarhʷō- > earhu > earh
PGmc *ahtō-eahtconsideration, attentionahtō- > eahtu > eaht
PGmc *airu-ārmessengerairu- > āru > ār
PGmc *aizō-ārrespect, benevolenceaizō- > āru > ār
PWGmc *aiwiǣlawaiwi > ǣi > ǣ
PGmc *aldō-aldahthollow (of a tree)aldō- > ealdu > ealdeald
PGmc *artō-eartewagtail?artō- > eartu > earteart
PGmc *aspō-æspaspenaspō- > aspu > aspasp
PGmc *balgizbeligleather bagbalgiz > bielġi > bielġ > bielibieli
PGmc *baltja-beltbeltbaltja- > bielti > bieltbielt
PGmc *banjōbenuwoundbanjō > bennu > bennbenn
PGmc *berkō-beorcbirch-treeberkō- > beorku > beorc
PGmc *bērō-bārbierbērō- > bāru > bār
PGmc *blauþu-blēaþsoft, weak, timidblauþu- > blēaþu > blēaþ
PGmc *blēstu-blǣstblowing, blastblēstu- > blǣstu > blǣst
PGmc *blōdi-blēdbloomblōdi- > blēdi > blēd
PGmc *bōgu-bōgshoulder, upper armbōgu- > bōg
PGmc *bōkō-bōcbeechbōkō- > bōku > bōc
PGmc *bōni-bōnrequest, prayerbōni- > bēni > bēnbēn
PGmc *bōtō-bōtimprovementbōtō- > bōtu > bōt
PGmc *burdi-byrdbirthburdi- > byrdi > byrd
PGmc *dīsi-ideslady, fairy, goddessdīsi- > dīsdīs
PGmc *draibō-drāfdriving, driftdraibō- > drāβu > drāβ > drāf
PGmc *draugja-drȳgedrydraugja- > drīeġi > drīeġdrīeġ
PGmc *drōbu-drōfturbid; troubleddrōbu- > drōβ > drōf
PGmc *drunki-drynċdrinkdrunki- > drynċi > drynċ
PGmc *dursti-dyrstcouragedursti- > dyrsti > dyrst
PGmc *ēlō-ǣlawlēlō- > ālu > ālāl
PGmc *embja-imbeswarm of beesembja- > imbi > imbimb
PGmc *ēþrō-ǣdrevein, rivuletēþrō- > ǣþru > ǣþr > ǣþerǣþer
PGmc *fahti-fehtfleecefahti- > fiehti > fiehtfieht
PGmc *faigi-fǣġebound to diefaigi- > fǣġi > fǣġfǣġ
PGmc *felgō-fealgrim of a wheelfelgō- > felgu > felgfelg
PGmc *fergunja-firgenmountainfergunja- > feorgni > feorgn > feorgenfeorgen
PGmc *ferhʷa-feorhlife, essenceferhʷa- > feorhu > feorh
PGmc *fersnō-fiersnheelfersnō- > feorsnu > feorsnfeorsn
PGmc *finkja-finċfinchfinkja- > finċi > finċ
PGmc *flauhō-flēahfleaflauhō- > flēahu > flēah
PGmc *flauti-flītecreamflauti- > flīeti > flīetflīet
PGmc *fleusiz-flēosfleecefleusiz- > flēosi > flēos
PGmc *flōdu-flōdfloodflōdu- > flōd
PGmc *flōhō-flōhlayerflōhō- > flōhu > flōh
PGmc *fōri-fērepassable; able to gofōri- > fēri > fērfēr
PGmc *fuldō-foldeearth, ground, field, the worldfuldō- > fuldu > fuldfuld
PGmc *funhtu-fūhthumid, moistfunhtu- > fūhtu > fūht
PGmc *furdu-fordfordfurdu- > furdfurd
PGmc *furhnō-forntroutfurhnō- > furhnu > furhn > furnfurn
PGmc *glōdi-glēdglowglōdi- > glēdi > glēd
PGmc *grēdu-grǣdhunger, desiregrēdu- > grǣdu > grǣd
PGmc *haifsti-hǣstconflicthaifsti- > hæfsti > hæfsthæfst
PGmc *hainō-hānwhetstonehainō- > hānu > hān
PGmc *haljōhelhellhaljō > hellu > hellhell
PGmc *hargu-heargsacrificial mound?hargu- > heargu > hearg
PGmc *hattu-hæthathattu- > hattu > hatthatt
PGmc *hēwja-hāwidark blue(?)hēwja- > hǣi >
PGmc *hindō-hindhindhindō- > hindu > hind
PGmc *hinnō-hionthin skin, membranehinnō- > hinnu > hinnhinn
PGmc *hlusti-hlysthearing, listeninghlusti- > hlysti > hlyst
PGmc *hnaskʷu-hnescesofthnaskʷu- > hnæsku > hnæschnæsc
PGmc *hnawwu-hnēawstingy; tighthnawwu- > hnēawu > hnēaw
PGmc *hrairja-hrēre-brǣdrearhrairja- > hrǣri > hrǣrhrǣr
PGmc *hreþrja-mid-hriðerediaphragmhreþrja- > hreþri > hreþr > hreþerhreþer
PGmc *hrinþiz-hrīþercow, bovinehrinþiz- > hrīþi > hrīþhrīþ
PGmc *hrōþi-hrēðgloryhrōþi- > hrēþi > hrēð
PGmc *hrungō-hrungrunghrungō- > hrungu > hrung
PGmc *hungru-hungorhungerhungru- > hungr > hungor
PGmc *hurhʷa-horhdirt, mucushurhʷa- > horhu > horh
PGmc *hʷīlō-hwīlwhilehʷīlō- > hīlu > hīlhīl
PGmc *kēgjō-cǣgpeg, keykēgjō- > ċīeġu > ċīeġċīeġ
PGmc *kelurō-ceolerthroatkelurō- > ċielru > ċielr > ċielerċieler
PGmc *klainja-clǣnefineklainja- > klǣni > clǣnclǣn
PGmc *klaiwiz-clāfrecloverklaiwiz- > klǣi > clǣclǣ
PGmc *knēi-ge-cnǣweacknowledgingknēi- > knǣi > cnǣcnǣ
PGmc *kōlu-cōlcoolkōlu- > cōl
PGmc *kōni-cēneablekōni- > kēni > cēncēn
PGmc *kraftu-cræftstrength, forcekraftu- > kræftu > cræft
PGmc *kusti-cysttrialkusti- > kysti > cyst
PGmc *kustu-cysttrialkustu- > custcust
PGmc *laisti-lǣsttrack, tracelaisti- > lǣsti > lǣst
PGmc *lambiz-lamblamblambiz- > lembi > lemblemb
PGmc *landjō-lendenulower part of the back, kidney, loinlandjō- > lendu > lendlend
PGmc *lawwō-lim-lǣwgroovelawwō- > lēawu > lēawlēaw
PGmc *lindō-lindlime treelindō- > lindu > lind
PGmc *listi-listskilllisti- > list
PGmc *līþu-līðstrong drink, ciderlīþu- > līð
PGmc *luftu-lyftroof, airluftu- > luftluft
PGmc *lundō-lyndfatlundō- > lundu > lundlund
PGmc *mahti-meahtstrengthmahti- > miehti > miehtmieht
PGmc *mairja-land-gemǣremooring-postmairja- > mǣri > mǣrmǣr
PGmc *maldjō-meldesaltbush, orachemaldjō- > mieldu > mieldmield
PGmc *marþru-mearþmartenmarþru- > mearþru > mearþrmearþr
PGmc *meltja-miltemilt, spleenmeltja- > melti > meltmelt
PGmc *merkʷu-miercedarkmerkʷu- > meorku > meorcmeorc
PGmc *mēslō-maselegrowthmēslō- > mǣslu > mǣslmǣsl
PGmc *mēþi-mǣðmeasuremēþi- > mǣþi > mǣð
PGmc *mōþu-mēðetired, wearymōþu- > mōþmōþ
PGmc *mundō-mundhandmundō- > mundu > mund
PGmc *nauþi-nīedcompulsion, distressnauþi- > nīeþi > nīeþnīeþ
PGmc *neftī-niftniece, cousinneftī- > nefti > neftneft
PGmc *nēþlō-nǣþlneedlenēþlō- > nǣþlu > nǣþl
PGmc *ōhsnō-ōxnarmpitōhsnō- > ōsnu > ōsnōsn
PGmc *paidō-pādcoat, shirtpaidō- > pādu > pād
PGmc *plehti-plihtresponsibilityplehti- > pleohti > pleohtpleoht
PGmc *raihō-rāwerowraihō- > rāhu > rāhrāh
PGmc *rastō-ræstintervalrastō- > rastu > rastrast
PGmc *rauki-rēcsmokerauki- > rīeċi > rīeċrīeċ
PGmc *rīpi-rīperiperīpi- > rīprīp
PGmc *rōō-rōwcalm, restrōō- > rōwu > rōw
PGmc *sangwa-sangsinging; songsangwa- > sangu > sang
PGmc *sebjō-sibkinshipsebjō- > seββu > seββ > seffseff
PGmc *sēti-and-sætepossible to sit onsēti- > sǣti > sǣtsǣt
PGmc *skuldi-sċylddebt, guiltskuldi- > sċyldi > sċyld
PGmc *smahrja-smǣraslipsmahrja- > smiehri > smiehr > smīersmīer
PGmc *spōdi-spēdsuccess; speedspōdi- > spēdi > spēd
PGmc *spurdi-spyrdtrack, coursespurdi- > spyrdi > spyrd
PGmc *stōō-stōwplace; judgementstōō- > stōwu > stōw
PGmc *strandō-strandedge; shore, beachstrandō- > strandu > strand
PGmc *stunkʷi-stenċhit; smellstunkʷi- > stynki > styncstync
PGmc *swulti-swyltstarvationswulti- > swylti > swylt
PGmc *tangō-tangtongstangō- > tangu > tang
PGmc *tanhu-tōhtoughtanhu- > tōhu > tōh
PGmc *tetru-tetertettertetru- > tetr > teter
PGmc *tīdi-tīdtimetīdi- > tīd
PGmc *trewwu-trīeweloyal, trustworthytrewwu- > trēowu > trēowtrēow
PGmc *tuhti-tyhtpullingtuhti- > tyhti > tyht
PGmc *tulgu-tylgfirmtulgu- > tulgtulg
PGmc *þeudja-ge-þīedefavorableþeudja- > þēodi > þēodþēod
PGmc *þeudō-þēodnation, peopleþeudō- > þēodu > þēod
PGmc *þinhslō-þīxldrawbar, cart-poleþinhslō- > þīslu > þīslþīsl
PGmc *þinhtu--þihtdense, tight, closeþinhtu- > þīohtu > þīoht > þēohtþēoht
PGmc *þrastu-þryscethrushþrastu- > þrastu > þrastþrast
PGmc *þrēdu-þrǣdthreadþrēdu- > þrǣdu > þrǣd
PGmc *þurstu-þurstthirstþurstu- > þurst
PGmc *þurzu-þyrredryþurzu- > þurru > þurr > þurorþuror
PGmc *þwangi-þwanglatchetþwangi- > þwenġi > þwenġ > þweniþweni
PGmc *ūru-ūraurochsūru- > ūr
PGmc *walþu-wealdfield, uncultivated area, woodwalþu- > wealdu > weald
PGmc *wambō-wambwomb, bellywambō- > wambu > wamb
PGmc *wehti-wihtthingwehti- > weohti > weohtweoht
PGmc *wehti-wihtweightwehti- > weohti > weohtweoht
PGmc *welþja-wildwild, uncultivated, untamedwelþja- > weldi > weldweld
PGmc *westi-wistbeing; stayingwesti- > westwest
PGmc *weþru-weðer(male) lamb; yearlingweþru- > weþr > weðer
PGmc *wōrja-wēriġintoxicatedwōrja- > wēri > wērwēr
PGmc *wōstu-wēstedesert, wastewōstu- > wōstwōst
PGmc *wōþja-wēþesweet, pleasantwōþja- > wēþi > wēþwēþ
PGmc *wrēþu-wrǣðherd (of swine)wrēþu- > wrǣþu > wrǣð
PGmc *wullō-wullwoolwullō- > wullu > wull
PGmc *wurdi-wyrdfate, chancewurdi- > wyrdi > wyrd
PGmc *anhulō-ōlstrapanhulō- > ōhlu > ōhl > ōl
PGmc *dōbi-*dēfesuited, fitdōbi- > dēβi > dēβ > dēfdēf
PGmc *frēgi-*frǣġerenownedfrēgi- > frǣġi > frǣġfrǣġ
PGmc *grundu-grundfloorgrundu- > grund
PGmc *mundi-*myndmemory, mindmundi- > myndi > mynd
PGmc *tangja-*tenġeapproximatetangja- > tenġi > tenġtenġ
PGmc *mēti-*mǣteestimablemēti- > mǣti > mǣtmǣt

Examples

FromToGlossStepsExpected
PWGmc *gabulugafolforkgabulu > gaβulu > gaβul > gafol
PGmc *brujjō-bryċġbridgebrujjō- > bryiġu > bryiġbryiġ
PWGmc *ubisuyfeshallubisu > yβisu > yβis > yfes
PWGmc *firinufirencrimefirinu > firin > firen
PWGmc *luginulyġenlieluginu > lyġinu > lyġin > lyġen
PGmc *luginō-lyġenlie, falsehoodluginō- > lyġinu > lyġin > lyġen
PGmc *ajuki-ǣceeternalajuki- > aġuċi > aġuċ > aġoċaġoċ
PGmc *aþulja-æðelenobleaþulja- > aþuli > aþul > aþolaþol
PGmc *awidja-eowdeflock of sheepawidja- > eidi > eid > eedeed
PGmc *senuwō-seonusinewsenuwō- > senuwu > senuw > senowsenow

Sequences

pwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-shortening-before-consonants, next oe-bilabial-fricative-devoicing
pgmc-to-oe: previous oe-shortening-before-consonants, next oe-bilabial-fricative-devoicing
pnwgmc-to-oe: previous oe-shortening-before-consonants, next oe-bilabial-fricative-devoicing