Etymograph > Indo-European > Proto-Northwest Germanic

ā

Classes: long back open vowel
Implicit classes: vocalic V
Features: +long +back +low -high +syllabic +voice

Related rules

Origin

pnwgmc-e-lowering: ē > ā

Development: Proto-West Germanic

pwgmc-long-o: {ō|ǭ} > ā / _(r)#, ô > ō

Development: Old English

pwgmc-long-o: {ō|ǭ} > ā / _(r)#, ô > ō

post-pwgmc-monosyllabic-z: aiz > ā / C_, iz > ē / C_, uz > ū / C_

north-pwgmc-nasalization: {a|ā} > {ą|ą̄} / _[-syllabic,nasal]

pre-oe-a-fronting: {a|ā} > {æ|ǣ} / _{!w|wi}, {a|ā} > {æ|ǣ} / _{!w|wi}

pre-oe-long-o-unrounding: ō > ā

oe-diphthong-tensing: ai > ā, au > ēa, eu > ēo, iu > īo

oe-long-ae-retraction: ǣ > ā / _C[+back]

oe-i-umlaut: {u|ū|o|ō|æ|ā} > {y|ȳ|e|ē|e|ǣ}