Etymograph > Indo-European > Proto-Germanic > Phoneme

Graphemes: ē
Classes: long front mid vowel
Implicit classes: vocalic
Features +long -back +syllabic +voice

Related rules

Development: Proto-Northwest Germanic

  • pnwgmc-e-lowering: ē > ā
  • Development: Proto-West Germanic

  • pnwgmc-e-lowering: ē > ā
  • pwgmc-unstressed-ai: ai > ē
  • Development: Old English

  • pnwgmc-e-lowering: ē > ā
  • pwgmc-unstressed-ai: ai > ē
  • post-pwgmc-monosyllabic-z: aiz > ā / C_, iz > ē / C_, uz > ū / C_
  • oe-diphthong-tensing: ai > ā, au > ēa, eu > ēo, iu > īo
  • oe-breaking-before-h: æ > ea / _h, e > eo / _h, i > io / _h, ī > īo / _h, ǣ > ēa / _h
  • oe-io-eo-merger: i > e / _o, ī > ē / _o