Etymograph > Indo-European > Proto-West Germanic > Phoneme

Graphemes: u
Classes: short back close vowel
Implicit classes: vocalic
Features -long +back +high -low +syllabic +voice

Related rules

Origin

  • pnwgmc-a-before-m: a > u / _m
  • pwgmc-stressed-u: u > o
  • pwgmc-final-j-w: j > i / C_#, w > u / C_#, ij > ī / _#
  • pwgmc-unstressed-diphthongs: au > ō, ōu > ō
  • pwgmc-jj-ww: uww > ūw / _!j, ww > uw / _!j, j > i / _j
  • Development: Old English

  • oe-awwj: ww > u / a_j
  • oe-diphthong-tensing: ai > ā, au > ēa, eu > ēo, iu > īo
  • oe-short-vowel-syncope
  • oe-epenthesis: ∅ > e / C_r#, ∅ > o / C_r#, ∅ > e / C_l#, ∅ > o / C_l#, ∅ > e / C_n#, ∅ > u / C_m#
  • oe-unstressed-vowel-u: u > o