Graphemes: a
Classes: short back open vowel
Implicit classes: vocalic V
Features -long +back +low -high +syllabic +voice
Related rules
Origin
pgmc-HV: h₁e > e, h₂e > a, h₃e > oDevelopment: Proto-Northwest Germanic
pnwgmc-a-before-m: a > u / _mpnwgmc-er: e > a / _rDevelopment: Proto-West Germanic
pnwgmc-a-before-m: a > u / _mpnwgmc-er: e > a / _rpwgmc-unstressed-ai: ai > ēpwgmc-final-a: {a|ą} > ∅ / _#pwgmc-unstressed-diphthongs: au > ō, ōu > ōDevelopment: Old English
pnwgmc-a-before-m: a > u / _mpnwgmc-er: e > a / _rpwgmc-unstressed-ai: ai > ēpwgmc-final-a: {a|ą} > ∅ / _#pwgmc-unstressed-diphthongs: au > ō, ōu > ōpost-pwgmc-monosyllabic-z: aiz > ā / C_, iz > ē / C_, uz > ū / C_north-pwgmc-nasalization: {a|ā} > {ą|ą̄} / _[-syllabic,nasal]pre-oe-a-fronting: {a|ā} > {æ|ǣ} / _{!w|wi}, {a|ā} > {æ|ǣ} / _{!w|wi}oe-diphthong-tensing: ai > ā, au > ēa, eu > ēo, iu > īooe-breaking-before-h: æ > ea / _h, e > eo / _h, i > io / _h, ī > īo / _h, ǣ > ēa / _hoe-breaking-before-rc-lc: æ > ea / _{r|l}C, e > eo / _rC, e > eo / _lh, i > io / _rC, i > ie / _lhoe-ae-retraction: æ > a / _C[+back], æ > a / _CC[+back], æ > a / _sC[+back]oe-palatal-diphtongization: {æ|ǣ} > {ea|ēa} / {ċ|ġ}_, e > ie / {ċ|ġ}_north-pwgmc-denasalization: ą > a, ą̄ > ōoe-diphthong-i-umlaut: {ea|ēa|io|īo} > {ie|īe|ie|īe}